Ifu ya Tourmaline Ikoreshwa mu kuvura imyanda iva mu ruganda ikuraho imyanda ikomoka ku bimera bihindagurika Irwanya impumuro mbi Ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura cyane
Ibisobanuro bigufi:
Imyuka ihumanya ikirere irimo imyanda ihumanya ikirere (VOCs) nka benzene, toluene, na formaldehyde, ndetse n'ibintu binuka nka hydrogen sulfide—bitera ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije no ku buzima. Uburyo gakondo bwo gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, nko gutwika no gukaraba imiti, burahenze kandi butera umwanda wa kabiri, mu gihe imyuka ihumanya ikirere ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kuyishyiramo kandi ikenera gusimburwa kenshi. Ifu ya Tourmaline, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ifite imiterere myinshi n'ubuso bwayo, ikemura ibi bibazo, itanga igisubizo cyiza kandi gihendutse cyo gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nganda nko gukora imiti, gucapa no gusiga amarangi. 
Ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ifu ya tourmaline kuri VOC n'ibintu binuka bukomoka ku miterere yayo yihariye y'ubuso. Iyi fu ifite urusobe rwa mikoro- (2-5 nm) na mesopores (5-50 nm) bitanga ubuso bunini bwihariye (20-35 m²/g), bigatuma habaho gukorana cyane na molekile za gaze zihumanye. Byongeye kandi, ubuso bwa tourmaline bufite amatsinda menshi ya hydroxyl (-OH) n'ahantu ho gushyushya amashanyarazi, bigakora imikoranire ikomeye y'umubiri n'iya shimi na VOC n'ibintu binuka. Urugero, ifu ya tourmaline ifata 150-200 mg/g ya benzene (VOC isanzwe) na 80-100 mg/g ya hydrogen sulfide (gaze inuka), irenze cyane ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza karuboni (100-120 mg/g kuri benzene, 50-60 mg/g kuri hydrogen sulfide). Ubu bushobozi bwo hejuru bugabanya inshuro zo gusimbuza adsorbent, bigabanyije ikiguzi cyo gukora ku kigero cya 30-40% ugereranije na sisitemu za karubone zikora.
Gukuraho VOC neza ni igipimo cy'ingenzi cy'imikorere mu gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nganda, kandi ifu ya tourmaline itanga umusaruro udasanzwe. Mu ruganda rukora imiti ruvura imyuka ihumanya irimo benzene (igipimo cya 500-800 mg/m³), umunara wo gukurura imyuka ushingiye kuri tourmaline wageze ku gipimo cyo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere cya 95-98%, bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikagera munsi ya 20 mg/m³ (bihuye n'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB 31571-2015 byo mu Bushinwa). Ku nganda zicapa kandi zisiga amarangi, zikora imyuka ya formaldehyde na toluene, ifu ya tourmaline ikuraho 90-93% by'iyi VOC, bikuraho "impumuro y'irangi" ijyanye n'izi nganda. Ingufu zo gukurura imyuka ihumanya ikirere zigumaho nubwo haba hari urujya n'uruza rutandukanye rwa gazi (1-3 m/s) n'ubushyuhe (20-80°C), bigatuma ikwiriye ahantu hatandukanye mu nganda.
Kurwanya impumuro mbi ni ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi cya tourmaline powder mu kuvura imyuka mibi. Imyuka mibi nka hydrogen sulfide (impumuro y'amagi yaboze) na ammonia (impumuro mbi) ikunze kugaragara mu myuka mibi iva mu gutunganya ibiribwa (inganda zitari iz'ibiribwa zibanda ku gupakira/gukora) no mu nganda zikora imiti. Ubushobozi bwa Tourmaline bwo kwinjiza iyi miti ntibugabanya gusa ihumana ry'ibidukikije ahubwo bunatuma ikirere gisukura mu kazi, bigabanya ibibazo by'abakozi n'ibyago by'ubuzima. Uruganda rw'ibinyabutabire rwo mu Bushinwa rukoresha tourmaline adsorbents rwagaragaje ko rwagabanutseho 90% mu bibazo by'impumuro mbi biva mu baturage begereye aho hantu, kuko ifu yagabanyije imyuka mibi ya hydrogen sulfide kuva kuri 100 mg/m³ kugeza kuri <5 mg/m³. Byongeye kandi, tourmaline ntirekura impumuro mbi nubwo yahura n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, bigatuma impumuro mbi igenzurwa igihe kirekire.
Gusubiranamo ni inyungu ikomeye y'ifu ya tourmaline kuruta iy'ibinyabutabire bisanzwe. Nyuma yo kuzura kw'ifu, ifu ishobora kuvugururwa binyuze mu bushyuhe (150-200°C) cyangwa gusukura umwuka, bikuraho VOCs zajugunywe n'ibintu binuka. Bitandukanye na karuboni ikora, itakaza 20-30% by'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyungurura nyuma ya buri gihe cyo kuvugurura, tourmaline igumana 85-90% by'ubushobozi bwayo bwa mbere nyuma ya buri gihembwe cya 8-10. Ibi byongera igihe cyo kubaho cy'ifu kuva ku mezi 3-6 (karuboni ikora) kugeza ku mezi 12-18 (tourmaline), bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza imyanda n'ibindi. VOCs zajugunywemo zishobora kandi kugaruzwa no kongera gukoreshwa mu nganda (urugero, kugarura benzene mu nganda zikora imiti), bigatuma habaho agaciro k'ubukungu.
Gukomera mu binyabutabire byemeza imikorere y'ifu ya tourmaline mu bidukikije bibi by'imyuka y'imyanda. Irwanya imyuka ihumanya na alkali (pH 2-12), bigatuma ikoreshwa mu kuvura imyuka ihumanya ikomoka ku bintu bikomoka kuri aside (urugero: gukora aside sulfurike) n'ibintu bikomoka kuri alkali (urugero: gukora ammonia). Ifu ntishongesha cyangwa ngo irekure ibyuma biremereye mu bidukikije, byujuje amahame akomeye y'ibidukikije nk'amabwiriza y'Imyuka Ihumanya ikirere y'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (IED) n'Itegeko ry'Umuyaga Usukuye rya EPA ryo muri Amerika. Uku gukomera kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imyuka, bigatuma habaho imikorere ihoraho uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Kuba ifu ya tourmaline ihuye n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya imyuka y’imyanda bituma ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu minara yo kuvoma imyuka idafite amazi menshi (ku migezi idafite amazi menshi), mu byuma bitanga amazi menshi (ku migezi ikoresha amazi menshi), no mu byuma bivoma ikoresheje membrane (ku bijyanye no gukuraho VOC neza). Ishobora kandi kuvangwa n’ibindi bikoresho nka zeolite kugira ngo yongere imikorere yihariye—urugero, guhuza tourmaline na zeolite byongera ubushobozi bwo gukuraho ammonia ku kigero cya 10-15%. Ku nyubako nto (urugero, amaduka mato acapa), ifu ya tourmaline ishobora gushyirwa mu byuma bivoma igendanwa, bigatanga igisubizo gito kandi gihendutse cyo kuvura.
Uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu bujyanye n'ibikenewe mu nganda. Abatanga serivisi batanga ifu ya tourmaline ifite imiterere itandukanye y'imyenge: imyenge mito (ku ma VOC mato nka formaldehyde) n'imyenge ikungahaye kuri meso (ku ma VOC mato nka toluene). Imyenge myiza (5-10 μm) ikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya membrane kugira ngo ihumeke neza, mu gihe imyenge ikomeye (20-30 μm) ari myiza ku minara ihoraho kugira ngo hirindwe kugabanuka k'umuvuduko. Imyenge myiza (95%+ y'imyenge ya tourmaline) ikwiriye inganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga (ibikenewe bike bya VOC), mu gihe imyenge ihendutse (80-90%) ikwiriye inganda zikoreshwa muri rusange.
Ingero z’ikoreshwa ry’ifu ya tourmaline zemeza agaciro k’ifu ya tourmaline. Ikigo cy’Abadage cyo gucapa cyasimbuje sisitemu yacyo ya karuboni ikoreshwa n’icyuma gikoresha tourmaline, bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya VOC ku kigero cya 92% kandi bigabanya ikiguzi cy’ingufu zikoreshwa buri mwaka ku kigero cya €30.000. Uruganda rw’ibinyabutabire rwo mu Bushinwa rukoresha tourmaline adsorbents mu gutunganya hydrogen sulfide rwongereye igihe cyo gusimbuza adsorbent kuva ku mezi 4 kugeza ku mezi 16, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo guta imyanda ku kigero cya 75%. Izi ngingo zigaragaza inyungu z’ubukungu n’ibidukikije z’ifu ya tourmaline, bituma iba amahitamo meza ku bakiriya b’inganda ku isi.
Ku bacuruzi b'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, guteza imbere ifu ya tourmaline nk'umuyoboro w'inganda bisaba gushyira imbaraga mu kongera ubushobozi bwo kuyikuramo, kongera kuyivugurura, no kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho mu bidukikije. Gutanga amakuru y'ibizamini bivuye muri laboratwari zirengera ibidukikije (urugero, SGS, laboratwari zemewe na EPA) kugenzura igipimo cyo gukuraho VOC no kongera kuyikuramo birushaho kuba byiza. Kugaragaza uburyo bwo kuzigama ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza no kuyijugunya mu buryo budahenze bikurura inganda zikoresha amafaranga make. Byongeye kandi, gutanga imiterere yihariye ya sisitemu yo kuyikuramo (urugero, ingano y'umunara, ifu yo kuyishyiramo) bifasha abakiriya kwinjiza ifu mu buryo bwabo bwo gutunganya imyuka ihumanya.
Inkunga mu by’ubwikorezi no kubahiriza amategeko ni ingenzi mu kugurisha ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ifu ya Tourmaline igomba gupfunyikwa mu bikoresho bifunze kandi bidapfa gukwirakwira mu gihe cyo kohereza—imifuka y’impapuro ya kg 25 irimo imigozi ya PE imbere ni isanzwe, mu gihe imifuka minini ya toni 1 ikwiranye n’ibicuruzwa binini byatumijwe mu nganda. Gutanga TDS na SDS mu Cyongereza bishimangira ko amategeko agenga ibicuruzwa bitumiza mu mahanga yubahirizwa (urugero, EU REACH, US EPA). Gutanga ubufasha mu bya tekiniki, nko kuyobora inzira zo kuvugurura no gusimbuza gahunda zo gukurura, byongera kunyurwa kw’abakiriya n’ubufatanye bw’igihe kirekire.
Muri make, ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura ifu ya tourmaline, ubushobozi bwo gukuraho VOC neza, kurwanya impumuro mbi, kongera kuvugurura, no kudahinduka kw'imiti bituma iba igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu gutunganya imyuka ihumanya. Kuba ihendutse, ihuye n'uburyo butandukanye, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha byagaragaye ko ari ibicuruzwa byiza ku bacuruzi b'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bigamije inganda nko gukora imiti, gucapa no gusiga amarangi. Mu kugaragaza izi nyungu, ubucuruzi bushobora kugurisha ifu ya tourmaline ku bakiriya b'inganda ku isi bashaka ibisubizo byiza kandi birambye byo gutunganya imyuka ihumanya.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bita ifu ya nano-infrared urumuri rw'ubuzima, kuko urumuri rw'ubu buryo bw'uburebure rushobora guteza imbere imikurire y'inyamaswa n'ibimera. Rushobora kunoza sisitemu yo kuzenguruka kw'amaraso ya nano-infrared, guteza imbere metabolism, kuringaniza pH y'umubiri, kongera imikorere ya molekile z'amazi, no kongera ogisijeni mu ifu ya nano-infrared y'umubiri. Ifu ya keramike ya far-infrared ikorwa n'ikigo cyacu ifite imyuka myinshi ya far-infrared, ikaba ari ibikoresho fatizo byiza byo kurinda ifu ya nano-infrared y'impeta n'ibikomoka ku buzima.
Ifu ya keramike itukura cyane ya nanometer itukura cyane ishobora kwibanda ku gusohora imirasire ya kure cyane ifite uburebure bwa 8-15μm, kandi ubushobozi bwayo busanzwe bwo gusohora spectral bushobora kugera kuri 90%. Umubiri w'umuntu ushobora kwinjiza neza ifu ya nano far infrared, bityo bikanoza urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso y'umuntu, bikagabanya aside mu maraso, bigateza imbere imikorere y'umubiri, bikongera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, kandi bikagabanya ingufu. Iki gicuruzwa gishobora gukoreshwa mu myenda, pulasitiki, ceramic, gukora impapuro, Guteza imbere ibikoresho bitandukanye by'ubuzima n'ubuvuzi mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi.
Andika ubutumwa bwawe hano hanyuma ubwoherereze
