Ibisobanuro bigufi:
Ifu ya talc, ibuye ry’agaciro rikoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi kandi rikenewe cyane, rigira uruhare runini mu gukora ifu ya talc, rihindura inganda mu buryo butangaje. Mu rwego rw’ifu ya talc, aho ubwizerwe no kuramba ari ingenzi cyane, ifu ya talc ihinduka, itanga inyungu nyinshi zituma ifu ya talc ikora neza kandi iramba.
Kimwe mu byiza by'ingenzi by'ifu ya talc mu gukora ifu ya rubber seal ni ubushobozi bwayo budasanzwe bwo kongera ubushobozi bwo kongera imbaraga. Mu nganda, ifu ya talc ihura n'ibibazo bihoraho bya mekanike, harimo no gukanda, kunanura no gupfunyika. Urugero, ifu y'inzugi mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi ihora ifunguka kandi igafungwa kenshi, mu gihe ifu ya moteri y'imodoka ihura n'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko mu gihe cyo gukora. Imiterere myiza y'ifu ya talc ni ingenzi mu gukemura ibi bibazo. Ku rwego rwa mikorosikopi, ifu ya talc ihurirana na polimeri za rubber, igakora urusobe rukora nk'isoko y'imbere. Uku gukorana kudasanzwe gutuma ifu ya talc yongera kugarukana imiterere yayo ya mbere nyuma yo gukanda, bigatuma ifatana neza ndetse na nyuma y'ingendo ibihumbi.
Mu bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa muri laboratwari, hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bwo gufata amashusho yihuta kugira ngo hamenyekane imikorere y’iyi nzira. Ibi byerekanwa bigaragaza neza uburyo platelets za talc zigenda zigasubira inyuma mu gice cy’umupira mu gihe cyo guhinduka kw’ingirabuzimafatizo, bikoroshya gukira kw’ingirabuzimafatizo. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwuzuye bwagereranije ibipfukamunwa byakozwe n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ifu ya talc, bigaragaza ko ubuziranenge bwinshi n’uduce twa talc ingano imwe bitera iterambere rikomeye ryo gukira kw’ingirabuzimafatizo. By’umwihariko, ibipfukamunwa byakozwe n’ifu ya talc nziza cyane, ifite ingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi byagaragaje ko gukira kw’ingirabuzimafatizo bingana na 35%, ugereranije n’ibidafite talc cyangwa bifite talc yo hasi. Uku kuzamuka gukomeye mu gukira kw’ingirabuzimafatizo ni inyungu ikomeye ku bikorwa bisaba kwizerwa igihe kirekire, kuko bifasha kwirinda gusohoka no kugumana ubusugire bw’uburyo bufunze.
Ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi mu mikorere y'udupfundikizo twa rubber twiza cyane, cyane cyane mu bidukikije nko mu mashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, mu nganda zitwara imizigo, no mu bikoresho biremereye bikorerwamo. Muri ibi bihe bigoye, udupfundikizo duhora tugaragaraho gukururana no kwangirika, bishobora gutuma dusaza vuba kandi tukananirwa. Imiterere ya platelets za talc powder itanga ubushobozi bwo kwisiga, igakora nk'udupfundikizo duto, twinjijwe muri matrix ya rubber. Iyo agapfundikizo gahuye n'ubuso bwo guhuza, platelets za talc ziranyererana, bigabanya ubushyuhe bwo gukururana kandi bigagabanya kwangirika k'ubuso.
Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa mu ishami ry’imirongo y’imbere bwibanze cyane ku buryo talc yishyira mu mavuta yo kwisiga. Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko imiterere y’ubuso bwa talc igira uruhare mu kugabanya gufatana hagati y’ubuso bw’ibumba n’ubuso bw’ibumba, bikongera imbaraga zo gusiga. Mu bikorwa nyabyo, ibizamini byakozwe mu bucukuzi bwinshi hirya no hino ku isi. Urugero, ahantu hanini hacukurwa umuringa muri Amerika y'Epfo, amategura y’ibumba yakoreshejwe muri talc mu buryo bw’imikandara yo kohereza amatafari yamaze igihe kingana na 60% ugereranyije n’amategura asanzwe. Uku kumara igihe kirekire bivuze ko amafaranga menshi akoreshwa mu kubungabunga agabanuka, kuko hakenewe gusimbuza amatafari make uko igihe kigenda gihita. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’ibinyabutabire bya talc irinda kwangirika kw’ibintu bikomoka ku bidukikije nk’ubushuhe, imiti, n’imirasire ya UV, bigatuma talc ikora neza mu gihe cyose cy’akazi kayo. Mu nganda zo ku nkombe z’inyanja aho amatafari ahura n’amazi y’umunyu n’ubushuhe bwinshi, amatafari yahinduwe na talc yakomeje kuba meza kurusha atigeze ahinduka, bigaragaza ubushobozi bwo kurinda ubutare.
Gukanda ni ikibazo gikomeje mu buhanga bwo gufunga rubber, cyane cyane mu bikorwa aho udupfukamunwa duhura n'igitutu kirambye mu gihe kirekire. Ingero z'ibyo bikorwa zirimo gaskets zishobora kwinjizwa mu mazi menshi, zigomba kwihanganira igitutu kinini cy'ubujyakuzimu bw'inyanja, n'udupfukamunwa tw'indege zo mu kirere, duhura n'igitutu gitandukanye mu gihe cyo kuguruka. Ifu ya talc igabanya ikibazo cyo gukanda hakoreshejwe uburyo bubiri. Ubwa mbere, ikomeza imiterere y'urubber, yongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'igitutu. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa muri siyansi ya polymer bwakoresheje ubuhanga buhanitse bwa spectroscopy kugira ngo busesengure imigozi y'ibinyabutabire iri mu mvange ya talc hamwe n'ifu ya talc, byemeza ko imigozi ikomeza. Icya kabiri, itanga inkunga ifatika ku migozi ya polymer, ikarinda kwaguka cyane no guhinduka burundu kw'imiterere y'ibikoresho.
Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, nko mu gihe ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanuka bukagera kuri -196°C, uruhare rw'ifu ya talc rurushaho kuba ingenzi. Ibikoresho byihariye byo gupima byakoreshejwe kugira ngo byigane ibi bidukikije bikomeye, kandi ibisubizo ni byiza cyane. Ifu zahinduwe na talc mu miyoboro ya cryogenic zakomeje kugira igipimo cyo gufunga kirenga 98% nyuma y'amasaha 10.000 y'imikorere idahinduka, ugereranije na hafi 85% ku ifu zitarahinduka. Mu gukomeza guhagarara neza kw'ifu ya talc mu gihe cy'igihe kirekire, ifu ya talc ituma ifu ya talc ikomeza kugira ubushobozi bwo gufunga uko igihe kigenda gihita. Iyi mikorere myiza ituma ifu ya talc - igezweho ari yo mahitamo meza yo gukoresha aho ubwizerwe n'umutekano bidashoboka.
Mu buryo bw'umuvuduko mwinshi, nka za silindiri za hydraulic, imiyoboro ya gaze karemano, n'ibikoresho byo gukuramo peteroli na gaze, ubuziranenge bw'ibipfundikizo ni ingenzi cyane. Gucika intege kw'ibipfundikizo bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi, harimo kuva amazi, kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, n'ibyago ku bidukikije. Ifu ya talc igira uruhare runini mu kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'ibipfundikizo ikora nk'umukwirakwiza stress. Imiterere y'uduce duto tw'ibice byayo ituma ibasha gukwirakwiza imbaraga zikoreshwa ku buso bw'ibipfundikizo, bikarinda ubucucike bw'ibipfundikizo bushobora gutuma bicika vuba.
Uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'amazi mu buryo bwa none (CFD) bwarushijeho kuba bwiza, hashingiwe ku bintu nk'ubushyuhe n'imiterere y'amazi mu gice cyo gufunga. Ubu buryo bwo gupima bwagaragaje uburyo imiterere yihariye ya talc ihura n'imivuduko, byongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara umutwaro kugeza kuri 40%. Byongeye kandi, isesengura ry'ibintu bito (FEA) ryakoreshejwe mu kwiga imikorere y'udupfundikizo dukoresheje ifu ya talc mu bihe bitandukanye byo gutwara umutwaro. Ibitekerezo bya CFD na FEA byatanze ubumenyi burambuye ku buryo ifu ya talc yongera imikorere y'udupfundikizo. Ubu bushobozi bwo gutwara umutwaro butuma agapfundikizo gashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi kadahungabanyije ubuziranenge bwako, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi kugira ngo sisitemu zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi zikore neza kandi neza.
Indi nyungu ikomeye y'ifu ya talc mu gukora ifu ya rubber seal ni uko ihura n'ibintu bitandukanye bya rubber. Yaba ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), cyangwa silicone rubber, ifu ya talc ishobora gushyirwa muri iyo furme kugira ngo igere ku miterere wifuza. Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma abakora ifu bahindura ifu ya rubber seal hashingiwe ku bisabwa byihariye by'imikorere y'iyi furme.
Urugero, mu nganda zitunganya imiti, aho ifu ya talc igomba kurwanya imiti myinshi ikaze, ifu ya talc ishobora guhuzwa na NBR kugira ngo hakorwe ifu itanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa chemical. Ibizamini byo kwinjizwa mu binyabutabire bya laboratwari byagaragaje ko ifu ya talc - NBR ishobora kwihanganira aside ikomeye na alkali mu gihe kirekire idasenyutse cyane. Mu nganda zikora indege, aho hakenewe ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ifu ya talc - silicone ishobora gukoreshwa mu kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije kuva kuri -60°C kugeza kuri 260°C idatakaje ubushobozi bwayo bwo gufunga. Mu by'ukuri, mu bice bya moteri ya jet, izi fu ya talc byagaragaye ko zikomeza gukora neza ndetse no mu gihe cy'impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe, bigatuma moteri zikora neza.
Uretse imiterere yayo ya mekanike n'iya shimi, ifu ya talc inatanga inyungu nyinshi mu gutunganya ifu ya rubber. Ingano yayo nto y'uduce duto n'imiterere myiza yo gukwirakwiza bitanga umusaruro umwe muri matrix ya rubber, bigatuma umusaruro uhora uhindagurika. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kuvanga, nk'ibikoresho byo gusohora uduce duto, ryanogejwe kugira ngo rikoreshe neza imiterere ya talc powder, rituma buri gice cy'ifu ya rubber kiyungukiramo imiterere yacyo. Ifu ya talc inanoza imiterere y'ifu ya rubber mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya, bigatuma byoroha kuyihindura no kuyishushanya mu buryo bujyanye n'imiterere y'ifu ya rubber.
Ibi ntibigabanya gusa igihe n'ikiguzi cyo gukora, ahubwo binanoza imikorere rusange y'inganda. Urugero, mu miyoboro ikora ibikoresho byo gufunga, ikoreshwa ry'ifu ya talc ryatumye igihe cyo gukora kirushaho kwihuta kandi umusaruro ukagabanuka. Byongeye kandi, kongeramo ifu ya talc bishobora kandi kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'ibikoresho byo gutunganya, kuko hakenewe imbaraga nke kugira ngo hatunganywe imvange ya talc itemba neza.
Gukoresha ifu ya talc mu gukora imitako ya rubber nabyo ni byiza ku bidukikije. Talc ni amabuye y'agaciro aboneka mu buryo busanzwe kandi aboneka mu butaka. Gucukura no gutunganya kwayo bigira ingaruka nke ku bidukikije ugereranije n'ibikoresho byakozwe mu bucukuzi. Amasosiyete y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro arimo gukoresha uburyo burambye bwo gucukura, nko kongera amashyamba no kuvugurura ubutaka nyuma y'ibikorwa byo gucukura, birushaho kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije zo gukora talc. Byongeye kandi, imitako ya rubber ya talc iramba, igabanya inshuro zo gusimbuza imitako kandi ikagabanya imyanda ituruka mu miyoboro.
Mu rwego rw’ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga, ifu y’urusenda ishingiye ku talc ishobora kongera gukoreshwa neza bitewe n’imiterere yayo ihamye. Ubushakashatsi burakomeje kandi kugira ngo hatezwe imbere uburyo bushya bwo kongera gukoresha ifu y’urusenda ishobora gukuramo ifu y’urusenda ivuye mu ifu y’urusenda yakoreshejwe, bityo bikarushaho kunoza uburyo bwose bukorwa. Ibi bituma ifu y’urusenda ishingiye ku talc iba amahitamo arambye yo gukoreshwa mu nganda, bihuye n’iterambere ry’isi yose mu kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga umutungo.
Mu gusoza, ifu ya talc ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukora imitako ya rubber ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane. Imiterere yayo yihariye, harimo kongera ubushobozi bwo gusubirana, kudasaza, kudakomera, gukwirakwiza stress, no guhuza n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye bya rubber, bituma iba ingirakamaro mu nganda zikora imitako ya rubber. Binyuze mu nyungu z'ifu ya talc, abakora bashobora gukora imitako ya rubber ihuye n'ibisabwa bikomeye mu nganda zigezweho, bigamije kwizera, kuramba, no kugira umutekano. Uko icyifuzo cy'imitako ya rubber ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane gikomeza kwiyongera, bitewe no kwaguka kw'inganda nka ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, indege, na peteroli na gaze, uruhare rw'ifu ya talc mu nganda rugiye kuba ingenzi cyane mu gihe kizaza. Biteganijwe ko ubushakashatsi n'iterambere bikomeje gukorwa bizafasha mu kongera ubushobozi bw'ifu ya talc, biganisha ku gukora ibisubizo by'imitako ya rubber igezweho kandi ikora neza.
