Amabara ya okiside y'icyuma ahagaze nk'ibikoresho bifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije bihuza ubuzima burambye n'ubukungu buzengurutse, bigahindura uburyo bushya kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe bitandukanye mu bwubatsi bw'icyatsi kibisi, irangi ry'inyubako, n'imitako y'imbere. Bitandukanye n'amabara ya sintetike ashingiye ku gukora imiti y'uburozi cyangwa asohora ibintu byangiza, amabara ya okiside y'icyuma aturuka mu bubiko bw'amabuye y'agaciro karemano cyangwa mu buryo bwo gukora burengera ibidukikije. Iyi nkomoko yihariye ibaha ubushobozi bwo kudahindagurika kw'amabara no kurwanya ikirere bidasanzwe, imiterere ibatandukanya n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gusiga irangi. Ikora nk'igice cy'ingenzi mu gusiga irangi mu nganda, gusiga irangi kuri beto, no kurangiza inyubako, amabara ya okiside y'icyuma arenga inshingano z'imikorere imwe kugira ngo abe ibisubizo by'ingirakamaro bivanga imiterere karemano, imikorere myiza, n'inshingano ku bidukikije.
Ishingiro ry'umutungo kamere w'amabara ya okiside y'icyuma ahuza ubwinshi bw'ibidukikije n'ubwumvikane bw'ibidukikije. Amabara karemano ya okiside y'icyuma akurwa mu bubiko bw'icyuma bukungahaye kuri hematite na goethite, akwirakwizwa mu turere dutandukanye tw'ubutaka. Amabara ya okiside y'icyuma akorwa binyuze mu buryo bugenzurwa bw'imiti hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bikungahaye ku byuma biva mu nganda zikora ibyuma, bigatuma imyanda ikoreshwa. Gucukura no gukora bikurikiza amahame akomeye yo kubungabunga ibidukikije: ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bukoresha uburyo bwo gucukura ubutaka kugira ngo hirindwe ihungabana rikomeye ry'ubutaka, kandi ahantu hacukurwa hakorerwa ubucukuzi hagasubiranywa ibimera; inzira zikozwe mu buryo bw'ubukorikori zikoresha uburyo bwo gufata imyuka ihumanya no kongera gukoresha amazi yanduye. Ubukungu bw'uruziga bukorwa mu gucunga imyanda: ibisigazwa by'amabara bivuye mu musaruro bikoreshwa nk'inyongera mu byuma mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi, bigabanura imyanda y'umutungo.
Uburyo bwo gukora ibara rya okiside y'icyuma (fer oxide pigments) bwibanda ku kubungabunga imiterere y'ibanze no kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije. Ibara karemano rikorerwa mu buryo bufatika: gusya amabuye, kuyasya no kuyacukura kugira ngo hatandukanye uduce twa okiside n'imyanda, nta miti ihumanya ikoreshwa. Ibara rya sintetike rikoresha uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe buke kugira ngo rigenzure ingano y'uduce n'ibara ry'amabara, rikirinda gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Uburyo bwo kuvura nyuma yo gukora bukubiyemo koza no kumisha hakoreshejwe sisitemu zikoresha imirasire y'izuba kugira ngo hagabanywe imiterere ya karuboni. Ku bikorwa byihariye nko gusiga irangi mu bwubatsi, ibara rihindurwa kugira ngo ryongere ikwirakwira mu bikoresho bifatanya, rigatuma habaho ibara rimwe ritagize ingaruka ku bidukikije. Izi nzira zigumana ibara ry'ibara rya okiside y'icyuma mu gihe zirushaho guhuza n'ibintu bitandukanye.
Imiterere y'ingenzi y'amabara ya oxide y'icyuma ituma adasimburwa mu nganda. Gukomera kw'amabara bituma ibara rigumana igihe kirekire: rirwanya gushonga bitewe n'izuba, imvura, n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe, rigakomeza kugaragara neza mu bidukikije byo hanze no mu nzu. Guhangana n'ikirere bituma ikoreshwa mu bihe bikomeye: ikoreshwa ku nyubako zo hanze, ihangana n'ubushyuhe bukabije, ubukonje, n'ubushuhe nta kwangirika. Kudakora neza kw'ibinyabutabire bituma bihura na sima, irangi, na pulasitiki, birinda ingaruka zihindura ibara cyangwa imikorere y'ibikoresho. Imiterere idahumanya ituma biba byiza mu myanya yo imbere, kuko nta bintu bihinduka. Amabara menshi—kuva ku mutuku n'umuhondo kugeza ku mukara n'umukara—yujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye mu bwubatsi no mu nganda.
Amabara y'icyuma akoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Imiterere y'icyatsi kibisi ikoresha uburyo bwo guhangana n'ikirere no kudahinduka kw'amabara: yongewe kuri sima, irangi ku nzira, ku nkuta, no ku bintu byo mu gasozi, ikuraho gukenera amatafari yo gushushanya no kugabanya imyanda y'ibikoresho. Amabara y'ubwubatsi ayakoresha mu gusiga amarangi inyuma no imbere: amarangi yo hanze afite amabara y'icyuma agumana ibara imyaka myinshi, agagabanya inshuro zo kongera gusiga amarangi; amarangi yo imbere atanga amabara ashyushye kandi karemano yuzuza imiterere igezweho n'iya gakondo. Amabara y'inganda ayakoresha kuri pulasitiki na ceramic: avanze mu miyoboro ya pulasitiki n'ibikoresho, atanga uburinzi bwa UV no gushyiraho amabara; yongewe ku mabara ya ceramic, akora amabara y'ubutaka ku butaka no ku nkuta. Gusiga sima ni ikintu cy'ingenzi: amabara y'icyuma akoreshwa mu gusiga sima yinjira ku buso bwa sima, agatuma ibara rihoraho rirwanya gushwanyuka no kwangirika, rikaba ryiza cyane ku mazu y'ubucuruzi no ku nzira z'imihanda yo mu ngo.
Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’amabara ya oxide y’icyuma rikorwa hakurikijwe porogaramu zihariye. Ku bijyanye n’inyubako, ibizamini by’ubudahangarwa bw’amabara byereka amabara ku zuba ryihariye n’imvura mu gihe kirekire kugira ngo harebwe ko adapfa. Ku bijyanye no gusiga irangi kuri sima, ibizamini by’ubujyakuzimu bw’amabara byemeza ko amabara ahoraho, kandi ibizamini byo guhuza bigenzura ko afatanye n’ibintu bya sima. Ku bijyanye na pulasitiki zo mu nganda, ibizamini byo kudahinduka kw’ubushyuhe byemeza ko amabara agumana ubushyuhe mu gutunganya. Ku bijyanye no gushushanya imbere, ibizamini by’ibintu bihinduka by’umwimerere byemeza ko bitangiza uburozi. Amabara karemano n’ay’ibikomoka ku bimera akorerwa isesengura ry’ingano y’uduce kugira ngo harebwe ko akwirakwira kimwe, bikarinda ko amabara ahinduka. Ibisigazwa by’amabara bisubirwamo bikorerwa isuzuma kugira ngo bikureho imyanda, hanyuma hagakurikiraho ibizamini by’imikorere kugira ngo bihuze n’ibipimo by’amabara bidafite ibara.
Mu gusoza, ibara ry’icyuma gikozwe muri okiside y’icyuma rihagaze nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gusiga irangi rijyanye n'ubuzima burambye n'ubukungu bw'uruziga. Inkomoko yabyo karemano cyangwa ikomoka ku myanda ndetse n'umusaruro ushingiye ku bidukikije bibungabunga ibidukikije bigumana imiterere y'ingenzi y'amabara ahamye no kurwanya ikirere—ibintu bitanga agaciro mu bwubatsi bw'icyatsi kibisi, irangi ry'inyubako, irangi ry'inganda, n'imitako y'imbere. Bitandukanye n'amabara y'uburozi yangiza ibidukikije, ubuzima bw'amabara y'icyuma gikozwe muri okiside y'icyuma bugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije kuva ku gukuramo/gukora kugeza ku kongera gukoresha imyanda. Imikoreshereze itandukanye igaragaza uburyo butandukanye: kongera kuramba kw'inyubako hamwe n'irangi ridashobora kwihanganira ikirere, gukora ibidukikije byiza byo mu nzu bifite amabara atarimo uburozi, no gutuma irangi rirambye mu nganda. Uko gukenera amabara arambye kandi arambye bikura, amabara y'icyuma gikozwe muri okiside y'icyuma azakomeza kuba amahitamo akomeye, ahuza umutungo kamere n'ibikenewe mu nganda mu buryo burambye.
