Umukara w'umweru wa karuboni ni inyongeramusaruro y'umweru idakora ifite ubushobozi bumwe na bumwe bwo gukomeza, ishobora gusimbura umukara w'umweru wa karuboni kugira ngo yongere imbaraga mu gukora ibikoresho bya karuboni, cyane cyane ibicuruzwa by'umweru, byoroheje cyangwa bifite ibara ry'umukara. Gukoresha umukara w'umweru wa karuboni mu gukora amapine yo mu muhanda, amapine y'ubuhanga, amapine y'imirasire, n'ibindi bigira ingaruka zo kunoza imikorere y'amapine y'imodoka no kongera uburebure bw'amapine. None se ni iyihe mirimo yihariye y'umukara w'umweru wa karuboni mu mapine ya karuboni, kandi ni iki kigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe ukoresha umukara w'umweru wa karuboni mu gukora amapine?
1. Uruhare rw'umukara w'umweru wa karuboni mu mapine
Kongera umukara w'umweru wa karuboni mu gukora amapine bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka amapine, kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi, no kunoza cyane ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka amapine no kurengera umutekano. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gusimbuza umukara w'umweru wa karuboni bishobora kugabanya ingaruka za Paine z'ibikoresho bya karuboni, ndetse no kugabanya ingano y'ibara ry'umukara ku bushyuhe bwinshi bwa δ, bityo bikanoza ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka amapine. Gukoresha imvange yose y'umukara w'umweru wa karuboni bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka ku kigero cya 20% no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka amapine ku kigero cya 50%, bityo bikagabanya 3% bya lisansi.
Nyuma yo kongeramo umukara wera wa karuboni ku ipine, imiterere itandukanye y’ipine irarushaho kuba myiza; Cyane cyane mu kuringaniza uburyo amapine adashobora kwangirika, uburyo atwarwa n’amazi, no kudahindagurika.
2. Gukoresha umukara w'umweru mu mapine bidahagije
Iyo umukara wera wa karuboni ukoreshejwe mu gutera imbaraga amapine ya ruboni, bitewe n'aho ahurira, ubufatanye bwayo na ruboni buba buke; Byoroshye guhuriza hamwe, ntibifasha gukwirakwira mu gihe cyo kuvanga; Mu gihe cyo gukwirakwira, habaho ingaruka za vulcanization zitinze, zishobora kwikora ku bindi bice. Umukara wera wa karuboni ukunda kwinjizwa n'ibindi bintu bihuza, ibyo ntibifasha gukwirakwira; Byoroshye gukurura amazi no gukora amatsinda ya silicon oxide, ibyo ntibifasha gufatana; Gukomera mu nyubako bituma ubushyuhe bwiyongera mu gihe cyo kubika. Kubwibyo, abakora amapine bagomba gufata ingamba zimwe na zimwe kugira ngo banoze ingaruka za white carbon black iyo bayakoresheje.
3. Uburyo bwo kunoza ingaruka zo kongeramo umukara wera wa karuboni ku mapine
Mu musaruro nyawo, gukoresha ibikoresho bihindura ibintu bishobora guhindura ingaruka z’umukara w’umweru wa karuboni mu mapine, aho ibikoresho bihuza ibintu nk’ibisanzwe, kandi ibikoresho bihuza ibintu bya silane bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho bihuza ibintu. Itsinda rya siloxy mu bikoresho bihuza ibintu bya silane rishobora gukorana n’ibintu bidafite umwimerere, mu gihe itsinda ry’imikorere y’ibinyabuzima rishobora gukorana n’ibintu bidafite umwimerere cyangwa bihuye n’ibintu bidafite umwimerere. Iyo ibikoresho bihuza ibintu bya silane biri hagati y’aho ibintu bihurira n’ibintu bidafite umwimerere n’ibidafite umwimerere, urwego rwo guhuza ibintu bya silane matrix inorganic rushobora gukorwa.
Kongeramo ingano ikwiye y’umusemburo wo guhuza amapine kuri formula y’ipine ikoresheje silica bishobora koko gushyiraho isano ikomeye hagati ya elastomer na silika, bikongera uburebure mu gihe cyo kuvunika no kwangirika, kandi bigatuma habaho imikorere mito ya hysteresis.
Mu musaruro nyawo, abakora amapine ya karuboni bashobora no gukoresha umukara wera wa karuboni utandukanye cyane. Umukara wera wa karuboni utandukanye cyane ntushobora gusa kwemeza neza ko amapine adapfa kandi adahindagurika cyane, ahubwo unatuma ibikoresho bya karuboni birushaho kwangirika no gutegurwa neza. Muri iki gihe, inzira nyinshi zo gukora amapine zikoresha karuboni ikoreshwa mu kongera gukoreshwa. Mfite amahirwe yo gusangira namwe inama zo gukoresha karuboni ikoreshwa mu gukoresha karuboni ikoreshwa mu bikoresho birimo karuboni ikoreshwa mu kongera gukoreshwa.