Silika, izwi cyane nka umweru w’umukara wa karuboni, ni silica idahinduka (SiO₂·nH₂O) ifite ubuso bwihariye, ubushobozi bwo gushimangira ibintu neza ndetse n’imiterere ihamye ya shimi. Ni ifu nziza y’umweru, idahumanya, idahumura neza, izwi cyane nk’ibikoresho by’ingenzi mu nganda za karuboni na polymer zigezweho. Bitandukanye n’umukara wa karuboni, silica itanga imbaraga nyinshi kandi ihuza amabara meza, bigatuma iba ingenzi ku mapine y’icyatsi kibisi, ibikoresho bya karuboni by’amabara ndetse na elastomer zikora neza.
Umusaruro wa silica mu nganda ukoreshwa cyane cyaneuburyo bwo kugwa kw'imvuranauburyo bwo gushyushya. Silika ishyushyeikorwa hakoreshejwe sodium silicate ivanze na aside, hagakurikiraho kumesa, kumisha no gusya; ifite ubuso buciriritse (150–400 m²/g) kandi ihendutse, ikaba nziza ku mapine na rubber rusange. Fumed silica ikorwa na hydrolysis yo mu bushyuhe bwinshi ya silicon halide, ifite uduce duto (10–40 nm), ubuziranenge buhanitse cyane (SiO₂ ≥99.8%) n'imiterere y'urunigi rwa 3D, ikwiriye gupakira ibintu byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kole n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya silica biri murikongera imbaraga, gukuba/thixotropy, kurwanya gutuza no kudahungabana kw'imiti.Muri rubber, yongera imbaraga zo gukurura ku kigero cya 200–300%, yongera imbaraga zo kwangirika no kugabanya imbaraga zo kuzunguruka ku kigero cya 20–30%.Muri sisitemu z'amazi, ikora urusobe rushobora gusubira inyuma: rufite ubunini iyo ruruhutse, ruto cyane munsi y'ururabo, rukwiriye gupfuka no gukoresha wino. Ntishongera gushonga mu mazi no mu bintu byinshi bishongesha, irinda ubushyuhe kandi ntitwika, bigatuma iguma mu buryo bugoye.
Porogaramu nini kurusha izindi niinganda za kabutura (umugabane wa ≈58%), cyane cyane amapine y'icyatsi kibisi. Gusimbuza silika ya 30–50% y'umukara wa karuboni ukoresheje silika bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kuzunguruka, byongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha lisansi ku kigero cya 5–7% kandi byongera ubushobozi bwo kuzunguruka butose. Ikoreshwa kandi mu nkweto, imiyoboro, imitako n'ibicuruzwa bya silikoni kugira ngo irambe neza kandi ikoreshwe neza. Mu gusiga irangi/wino, silikoni ikora nk'irwanya guturika, kugenzura uburwayi bw'imitsi no gufunga. Mu buhinzi, ikora nk'iy'ubwato itwara kandi igakwirakwiza imiti yica udukoko n'ifumbire mvaruganda.
Guhitamo ubuziranenge bibanda kuubuso bwihariye, ingano y'uduce, pH n'ubushuheSilika nziza cyane ifite ubuziranenge buhamye, umwanda muke kandi ikwirakwira neza. Nk'umucuruzi w'umwuga, dutanga silika yo mu rwego rwa rubber, yo mu rwego rwo gusiga irangi n'iyo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa hamwe n'ubuziranenge buhamye n'ubufasha mu bya tekiniki.
Ugereranyije n'umukara wa karuboni, silica itangaibara rihuye neza, ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka buke kandi bigatuma UV idahindagurika nezaSi icyuma cyuzuza gusa ahubwo ni ikindi gifasha ibikoresho bigezweho gukora neza. Kubera iterambere ry'amapine y'icyatsi kibisi n'inganda zigezweho, silica iracyakenewe cyane.
Twibanda ku gukora no gutanga silika, dutanga amanota yihariye no kuyitanga ku bwinshi. Kubindi bisobanuro, ingero n'ibiciro, twandikire igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-15-2026