Inganda zikora impapuro zihora zihanganye n’ikibazo cyo kuzamura ireme ry’ibicuruzwa, koroshya ikiguzi, no kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Muri izi mbogamizi, ifu ya diatomite, irangwa n’imiterere yayo yihariye y’imyenge n’ibiyigize bikungahaye kuri silica, yagaragaye nk’ibara rihindura ibintu kandi rigasiga irangi. Iki gikoresho gifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kongera ubushobozi bwo gucapa, kwandika no gupakira impapuro, mu gihe kimwe bigabanya kwishingikiriza ku biti n’ibindi bikoresho by’ubukorano.
Gukoresha ifu ya diatomite mu gukora impapuro bisaba gutunganya byihariye hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’inganda. Amabuye ya diatomite mabi yozwa neza kugira ngo akurweho imyanda y’ibumba n’umucanga. Nyuma yaho, yumishwa buhoro buhoro ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 100-120°C kugira ngo imiterere yayo y’ingenzi igumane imyenge. Hanyuma hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kuyasya kugira ngo hakorwe ifu ifite uduce duto turi hagati ya 5-30 μm. Uduce duto, dukunze kuba hagati ya 5-15 μm, dukoreshwa nk'amabara meza yo gusiga ku mpapuro zicapa zifite ubwiza bwinshi, mu gihe uduce duto (20-30 μm) dukora nk'ibikoresho byiza byo kwandika no gupakira impapuro. Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ifu ya diatomite bukorerwa isuku n'ibinyabutabire bya cationic kugira ngo byongere ubwumvikane n'imigozi ya cellulose, bigatuma habaho gukwirakwira mu buryo bumwe muri matrix ya pulp.
Nk'iyuzuza impapuro, ifu ya diatomite irusha izindi mpapuro gakondo nka kalisiyumu karubone (CaCO₃) cyangwa kaolini mu buryo bwinshi. Imiterere yayo ifite imyenge ituma ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri burushaho kuba bwiza, byongera cyane uburanga bw'impapuro nta kwiyongera kw'uburemere bw'ibanze. Mu gukora impapuro zo gucapa, gusimbuza 10-15% by'ifu y'ibiti n'ifu ya diatomite bishobora kongera uburanga bw'ifu ya TAPPI ku kigero cya 10-15%. Ibi bituma abakora impapuro bagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ifu y'inyama, bityo bigafasha mu kugabanya itemwa ry'amashyamba no kuzigama ikiguzi. Urugero, uruganda rw'impapuro rwo muri Finlande rwashyizemo ifu ya diatomite ya 8% mu mpapuro zo gucapa, bituma uburanga bw'inyama buzamuka kuva kuri 88% kugeza kuri 96%, kugabanuka kwa 12% mu ikoreshwa ry'inyama, no kugabanuka kwa 18% mu ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho fatizo. Byongeye kandi, umweru mwinshi w'ifu ya diatomite (agaciro ka L* ≥92) bituma impapuro zigumana isura nziza kandi nziza, ari ingenzi mu gukora inyandiko nziza no gukora amashusho.
Ifu ya Diatomite inakemura ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ku byuzuza ibikoresho gakondo binyuze mu kongera imbaraga za mekanike z'impapuro. Imiterere yayo ifite imyenge yorohereza guhuza neza hagati y'imigozi ya cellulose, igakora nk' "ibiraro" iyo ishyizwe mu mpapuro. Ugereranyije n'impapuro zuzuyemo CaCO₃, ifu ya diatomite ishobora kongera imbaraga zo gukurura ku kigero cya 8-12% no gucika ku kigero cya 10-15%. Iyi miterere ni ingenzi cyane ku mpapuro zo gupfunyika, zigomba kwihanganira uburyo bwo kuzitwara no kuzitwara neza. Urugero, uruganda rw'Abashinwa rukora impapuro zo gupfunyika rwageze ku ntera igaragara mu mbaraga zo gucika kuva kuri 2.5 kPa·m²/g kugeza kuri 3.2 kPa·m²/g rushyiramo 12% by'ifu ya diatomite mu mpapuro zayo zometseho, bituma impapuro zishobora kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye nta gucika intege.
Uburyo bwo gucapa ni ubundi buryo ifu ya diatomite ikora neza. Nk'ibara ry'ibara, rituma habaho ubuso bworoshye kandi buhamye butuma wino ifatana neza kandi igatuma utudomo twongera kuba twinshi. Mu mpapuro zidafite imbaho, zikoreshwa cyane mu magazeti no mu makarita, irangi rishingiye ku ifu ya diatomite rigaragaza ubukana bw'ubuso (Ra) bwa 0.5-0.8 μm, ugereranije na 1.0-1.2 μm ku irangi rya kaolin. Ubu buso bworoshye butuma habaho utudomo twinshi two gucapa, irangi rigabanuka, kandi amabara arushaho kumera neza. Ibizamini by'inganda zicapa bigaragaza ko impapuro zipfutse ifu ya diatomite zigera ku 90-95%, ugereranyije na 80-85% ku mpapuro zipfutse gakondo. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'ifu ya diatomite ifite imyenge ifata wino nyinshi neza, ikagabanya igihe cyo kuma ho 20-25% bityo ikongera ubushobozi bwo gucapa no kugabanya imbogamizi mu gukora.
Ibyiza by'ifu ya diatomite mu gukora impapuro ni byinshi. Mu kugabanya ibisabwa mu gusya, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere ijyana no gukora impumuro mbi, ibyo bikaba bisaba gutema cyane, gutwara no gutunganya imiti. Inganda zikora impapuro zikoresha ifu ya diatomite 10% zivuga ko ibyuka bya CO₂ bigabanukaho 10-12%. Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho byuzuza ibintu bishobora kurekura microplastics mu bidukikije, ifu ya diatomite irabora kandi ntigira uburozi. Gutunganya amazi mabi byoroshywa no mu nganda zikoresha ifu ya diatomite, kuko ifu ishobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusya no kongera gukoreshwa mu mpapuro zo mu rwego rwo hasi, bigabanye ikoreshwa ry'imyanda.
Mu mpapuro zihariye, ifu ya diatomite itanga imikorere yihariye. Mu mpapuro zipfunyikwamo amavuta, zikunze gukoreshwa mu biryo byihuse no mu byo kurya, imiterere yayo ifite imyenge ituma habaho imbogamizi ikomeye ku mavuta, itanga ubundi buryo burambye bwo gusiga amavuta nk'ay'ubukorikori nka polyethylene (PE). Urusobe rw'ibiryo byihuse rwo mu Buyapani rwagaragaje ko rwazamutseho 40% mu kurwanya amavuta nyuma yo guhindura impapuro zipfunyikwamo amavuta zahinduwe na diatomite, mu gihe rukomeza kuba ifumbire y'impapuro. Mu mpapuro zishyushye, zikoreshwa mu kwakira no kwandika, ifu ya diatomite ikora nk'umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe, yongera ubushobozi bwo gucapa no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, bityo yongere igihe cyo kubaho cy'imitwe y'imashini zishyushya.
Mu gihe cyo gukora impapuro hakoreshejwe ifu ya diatomite, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho, harimo guhuza pH, gukwirakwira, n'urwego rw'imitwaro. Ifu ya Diatomite igaragaza ubusugire mu rugero rwa pH rudafite aho ruhuriye na alkaline (6.5-8.0) rusanzwe mu bikorwa byo gukora impapuro bigezweho, hirindwa kwangirika kwa fibre iterwa na aside. Gukwirakwira neza, bigerwaho binyuze mu gukoresha hydropulpers cyangwa dispersers, ni ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe ko uduce duto twiyongera, bishobora gutera inenge ku mpapuro nk'utudomo cyangwa imyobo. Urugero rw'imitwaro ruratandukanye bitewe n'ikoreshwa: 5-10% mu gucapa no kwandika impapuro, 10-15% mu mpapuro zo gupakira, na 15-20% ku mpapuro zihariye. Kurenga 20% bishobora kwangiza uburyo impapuro zihinduka, bigasaba ko habaho impinduka mu mvange ya fibre.
Mu gusoza, ifu ya diatomite yahinduye urwego rw’impapuro, itanga iterambere rikomeye mu kutagira icyo ihindura, gukomera, gucapa neza, no kuramba. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’impapuro, kugabanya ikiguzi, no kunoza imikorere y’impapuro buyishyira mu mwanya wayo nk’ibikoresho bikundwa n’inganda zikora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by’impapuro. Mu gihe uru rwego rukomeje gushyira imbere kubungabunga ibidukikije no kuba indashyikirwa mu bicuruzwa, icyifuzo cy’ifu ya diatomite yo mu rwego rwo gukora impapuro kiri hafi kwiyongera cyane. Iyi nzira igaragaza uruhare rw’ingenzi rw’ibikoresho mu gushyiraho ahazaza ho gukora impapuro mu buryo burambye, guteza imbere udushya, no guhaza ibyifuzo by’abaguzi n’inganda. Guhuza ifu ya diatomite mu bikorwa byo gukora impapuro bigaragaza intambwe ikomeye mu gushaka gukora impapuro neza, zitangiza ibidukikije, kandi zikora neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 17 Nzeri 2025
