Ibyabaye ku ya 18 Nzeri mu 1931 ntibyazanye gusa kwigarurira igisirikare mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa - byanateje umuraba wo kwihagararaho kw'abaturage bo mu nzego z'ibanze uyobowe n'abaturage basanzwe. Kuva ku bahinzi n'abakozi kugeza ku banyeshuri n'abarimu, abagabo n'abagore b'ingeri zose n'inkomoko zose bahuriye hamwe kugira ngo barengere ingo zabo, abaturage babo, n'imibereho yabo mu kurwanya ibitero by'Abayapani. Uku kwihagararaho, nubwo akenshi birengagizwa mu nkuru zagutse z'amateka, byari igihamya cy'ubutwari n'ubutwari bw'abaturage b'Abashinwa bo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba.
Mu mezi yakurikiyeho, amatsinda nk'ayo yavutse mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, afite amazina nka "Ingabo z'abakorerabushake zo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba," "Ingabo z'igihugu zirwanya Ubuyapani," na "Ingabo zibohoza abaturage zo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa." Izi ngabo zaratandukanye mu bunini—zimwe zari zifite abantu bake gusa, mu gihe izindi zakomeje kugera ku bihumbi—ariko zose zari zihuje intego: kwirukana ingabo z'Abayapani mu gihugu cyabo. Urugero, Ingabo zirwana n'abaturage za Jilin zateguye urusobe rw' "imiryango" aho ingo zose zifatanyaga n'uyu mugambi. Mu mudugudu umwe, umuryango wa Zhang—se, abahungu babiri, ndetse n'umukobwa w'imyaka 16—bose bararwanye, umukobwa akoresha ubumenyi bwe mu miti y'ibimera mu kuvura abakomeretse.
Amayeri yakoreshejwe n'izi ngabo z'abakorerabushake yakozwe hakurikijwe ubutaka bw'akarere, bwarimo amashyamba y'inzitane, ibibaya binini, n'imisozi miremire. Bishingikirizaga ku ntambara y'inyeshyamba, bagabaga ibitero bitunguranye ku birindiro by'Abayapani, bagatera imodoka zitwara imizigo, kandi bagasenya inzira za gari ya moshi kugira ngo bahagarike ibikorwa bya gisirikare by'Abayapani. Urugero, mu Kwakira 1931, itsinda rito ry'abakorerabushake bo mu majyepfo ya Liaoning bateye gari ya moshi ya gisirikare y'Abayapani, basenya intwaro n'ibikoresho ndetse barekura imfungwa z'Abashinwa zari zijyanywe mu Buyapani. Iki gitero cy'ubutwari, cyayobowe n'uwahoze ari umukozi wa gari ya moshi witwaga Li Dawei, cyakoresheje ubumenyi bwe bwimbitse ku nzira kugira ngo gitere gari ya moshi mu nzira iri kure. Mu Kuboza k'uwo mwaka, abakorerabushake bo mu Ntara ya Jilin bagabye igitero gihuje ku birindiro by'Abayapani i Changchun, bigarurira by'agateganyo ibice by'umujyi mbere yuko bahatirwa kuvaho kubera ingufu nyinshi z'Abayapani. Abarwanyi b'inyeshyamba bibasiye ububiko bw'amasasu bw'ikigo, bagitwika bakoresheje ibikoresho byakozwe mu rugo bya peteroli n'amacupa y'ibirahure.
Icyatumye izi ngabo z’abakorerabushake zigaragara cyane ni ubushobozi bwazo bwo kurokoka no gukora nubwo zari zidafite intwaro, ibiryo, n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi. Abakorerabushake benshi barwanye bakoresheje imbunda zishaje, inkota, cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu mirima, mu gihe abandi bishingikirizaga ku mpano z’abaturage bo muri ako gace zo kugura ibiryo n’imyambaro. Abahinzi bo muri ako gace bakunze guha amacumbi abakorerabushake, babahisha amarondo y’Abayapani kandi bagasangira umusaruro wabo muke. Mu karere ka Yanji, abaturage bacukuye urusobe rw’imiyoboro yo munsi y’ubutaka munsi y’amazu yabo, bakora ahantu hihishe aho abarwanyi bashoboraga kuruhukira no kuruhuka. Abaganga n’abaforomo, baba baratojwe ndetse n’abigishije ubwabo, bashinze ibitaro by’agateganyo mu buvumo cyangwa mu nyubako zasizwe, bavura abasirikare bakomeretse bakoresheje ibikoresho bike by’ubuvuzi. Dr. Wang Meiling, warangije muri Peking Union Medical College, yakoresheje imiti igabanya ububabare akoresheje ibimera gakondo by’Abashinwa kandi akora kubaga ubuzima akoresheje ibikoresho byo mu gikoni byangiritse.
Abanyeshuri n'abanyabwenge nabo bagize uruhare runini mu kurwanya. Mu mijyi nka Shenyang na Harbin, abanyeshuri ba kaminuza bateguye amatsinda y'ibanga kugira ngo bakwirakwize poropagande yo kurwanya ibikorwa by'ubugizi bwa nabi. Bakwirakwije impapuro zigaragaza ubugome bw'Abayapani, bandika ingingo mu binyamakuru byihishe, kandi bakora inama z'ibanga kugira ngo bategure imyigaragambyo no kwamagana ibicuruzwa by'Abayapani. Urugero, "Ishyirahamwe ry'Abashinwa" ryo muri Harbin Institute of Technology, ryashyizeho uburyo buhanitse bwo gukoresha amategeko yo mu ibanga kugira ngo bakoreshe ibitabo bibujijwe. Bacapaga imivugo y'impinduramatwara ku mpapuro z'umuceri, zashoboraga gushongeshwa mu mazi hanyuma zigashyirwaho n'abacapwa b'impuhwe. Abanyeshuri benshi banavuye mu mashuri yabo bajya mu ngabo z'abakorerabushake, bakoresheje uburezi bwabo kugira ngo bafashe mu ngamba, itumanaho, n'ibikoresho. Itsinda ry'abanyeshuri b'abahanga bo muri Shenyang Institute of Technology ryakoze urukurikirane rw'ibisasu bya mine byakozwe mu buryo butunguranye bakoresheje imiyoboro y'icyuma yajugunywe n'ifu y'umukara, byongera cyane imbaraga z'ibitero by'inyeshyamba.
Abagore bari ikindi gice cy'ingenzi cy'ishyaka ry'abarwanyi. Nubwo abagore benshi bifatanyije n'ingabo z'abakorerabushake nk'abaforomo cyangwa intumwa, abandi bashinze imiryango yabo kugira ngo bashyigikire icyo gikorwa. Mu Ntara ya Liaoning, itsinda ry'abagore ryashinze "Ishyirahamwe ry'Abagore b'Abarokowe bo mu Majyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba," ryakusanyaga inkunga y'ingabo z'abakorerabushake, ridoda imyenda y'abasirikare, kandi rikita ku miryango y'abari barwana. Umuyobozi w'iryo shyirahamwe, Madamu Zhao, yateguye uburyo budasanzwe bwo gukusanya inkunga: yateguye "imyigaragambyo y'agacece" aho abagore bateraniraga mu bibuga rusange baboha imyenda y'ingabo, buri koti ikaba yari impano. Abagore kandi bagize uruhare runini mu gukusanya amakuru, bakoresheje inshingano zabo nk'abashinzwe amazu n'abacuruzi bo ku isoko kugira ngo bakusanye amakuru yerekeye ingendo z'ingabo z'Abayapani no kuyageza ku bayobozi b'abarwanyi. I Mukden (ubu ni Shenyang), ihuriro ry'abacuruzi b'abagore bo mu Isoko rya Nanmen ryashyizeho uburyo bugoye bwo gutangaza amakuru yerekeye gahunda z'abashinzwe kugenzura Ubuyapani.
Imbaraga z’abaturage bo mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bw’Abashinwa zo kurwanya Ubuyapani zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku kwigarurira Ubuyapani. Nubwo batashoboye kwirukana ingabo z’Ubuyapani muri ako karere ako kanya, bategetse Ingabo za Kwantung gukoresha umutungo uhagije kugira ngo bahashye imirwano, bigabanya gahunda zo kwagura Ubuyapani. Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bw’ingabo z’Ubuyapani zigaragaza ko mu 1933, ingabo zisaga 30.000 zari zarafatiwe mu bikorwa byo kurwanya iterabwoba muri Manchuria. Banashishikarije abantu bo mu Bushinwa kwinjira mu mutwe w’igihugu urwanya Ubuyapani, bashyiraho urufatiro rw’Intambara yagutse yo kurwanya Ubuyapani yagombaga gutangira mu 1937. Ibikorwa by’ubutwari by’abakorerabushake bo mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba byanditswe mu rukurikirane rw’udutabo twakwirakwijwe mu ibanga twiswe “Inkuru zo kurwanya Ubuyapani,” byaje gukenerwa gusomwa n’abashya mu ngabo z’igihugu z’Abashinwa.
Muri iki gihe, inkuru z'aba barwanyi b'abasivili barwanyije ubutegetsi ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'umurage w'ibyabaye ku ya 18 Nzeri. Zitwibutsa ko no mu bihe bikomeye cyane, abantu basanzwe bafite ububasha bwo guharanira icyiza. Zigaragaza kandi akamaro k'umuryango, ubufatanye, n'ubutwari mu gihe cyo guhangana n'ihohoterwa—ubutumwa bukomeje kuba ingenzi ku bantu bo hirya no hino ku isi muri iki gihe. Urwibutso rwa Manchurian Resistance Memorial ruherutse gufungurwa i Changchun rugaragaza imurikagurisha ry'abantu, harimo n'ibishushanyo by'inzira z'inyeshyamba n'ivugurura ry'intambara z'ingenzi, bishimangira ko izi nkuru z'intwari zikomeza gutera imbaraga abazabakomokaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 18 Nzeri 2025
