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Kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'uduce duto twa magnetic fer oxide kugira ngo haboneke cytostatics.
Umwanditsi Toropova Y, Korolev D, Istomina M, Shulmeyster G, Petukhov A, Mishanin V, Gorshkov A, Podyacheva E, Gareev K, Bagrov A, Demidov O
Yana Toropova,1 Dmitry Korolev,1 Maria Istomina,1,2 Galina Shulmeyster,1 Alexey Petukhov,1,3 Vladimir Mishanin,1 Andrey Gorshkov,4 Ekaterina Podyacheva,1 Kamil Gareev,2 Alexei Bagrov,5 Oleg Demidov6,71Almazov Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Buvuzi cya Minisiteri y'Ubuzima y'Uburusiya, St. Petersburg, 197341, Federation y'Uburusiya; 2 Kaminuza ya St. Petersburg Electrotechnical “LETI”, St. Petersburg, 197376, Federation y'Uburusiya; 3 Ikigo cy'Ubuvuzi bwihariye, Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Buvuzi cya Leta ya Almazov, Minisiteri y'Ubuzima y'Uburusiya, St. Petersburg, 197341, Federation y'Uburusiya; 4FSBI “Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Bicurane cyitiriwe AA Smorodintsev” Minisiteri y'Ubuzima y'Uburusiya, St. Petersburg, Federation y'Uburusiya; 5 Ikigo cya Sechenov cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Bidukikije n'Ubutabire, Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi ry'Uburusiya, St. Petersburg, Federation y'Uburusiya; 6 Ikigo cya RAS cy’Ubuvuzi, St. Petersburg, 194064, Umuryango w’Uburusiya; 7INSERM U1231, Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi na Farumasi, Kaminuza ya Bourgogne-Franche Comté ya Dijon, mu Bufaransa Itumanaho: Yana ToropovaAlmazov Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Buvuzi, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima y’Umuryango w’Uburusiya, Saint-Petersburg, 197341, Umuryango w’Uburusiya Terefone +7 981 95264800 4997069 Imeri [email protected] Incamake: Uburyo bwiza bwo gukemura ikibazo cy’uburozi bwa cytostatic ni ugukoresha uduce duto twa magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) mu gutanga imiti. Intego: Gukoresha imibare kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere myiza y’imbaraga za magnetic zigenzura MNPs mu mubiri, no gusuzuma imikorere ya magnetron yo gutanga MNPs ku tubyimba tw’imbeba muri vitro na vivo. (MNPs-ICG) irakoreshwa. Inyigo z’ubukana bw’urumuri mu mubiri zakozwe mu mbeba za kanseri, zifite imbaraga za magnetic na zidafite aho zihuriye n’izi. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku gisenge cy’amazi cyakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Ubuvuzi bw’Igerageza cya Almazov State Medical Center cya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima y’Uburusiya. Ibisubizo: Gukoresha magneti za neodymium byatumye MNP yiyongera cyane. Nyuma y’umunota umwe MNPs-ICG ihabwa imbeba zifite ikibyimba, MNPs-ICG yiyongera cyane mu mwijima. Iyo nta ngufu za rukuruzi zihari kandi zihari, ibi bigaragaza inzira yayo yo gukora imikorere. Nubwo kwiyongera k’ubushyuhe muri iki kibyimba byagaragaye iyo hari imbaraga za rukuruzi, ubukana bw’ubushyuhe mu mwijima w’inyamaswa ntibwahindutse uko igihe cyagiye gihita. Umwanzuro: Ubu bwoko bwa MNP, hamwe n’imbaraga za rukuruzi zabazwe, bushobora kuba ishingiro ry’iterambere ry’imiti igenzurwa na rukuruzi mu turemangingo twa kanseri. Amagambo ahinnye: isesengura ry’ubushyuhe, indocyanine, uduce duto twa oxide y’icyuma, gutanga magnetroni ya cytostatics, kwita ku kibyimba.
Indwara za kanseri ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera impfu ku isi yose. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere y’ubwiyongere bw’indwara n’impfu z’indwara za kanseri iracyahari. 1 Imiti ikoreshwa muri iki gihe iracyari imwe mu miti y’ingenzi ivura kanseri zitandukanye. Muri icyo gihe, iterambere ry’uburyo bwo kugabanya uburozi bw’imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bw’umubiri iracyari ingenzi. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukemura ikibazo cy’uburozi bwayo ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo gutanga imiti mu buryo bwa nano-scale, bushobora gutanga imiti yirundanyije mu bice by’umubiri bitarenze kwiyongera kwayo mu ngingo n’imibiri bizima. 2 Ubu buryo butuma bishoboka kunoza imikorere no kwibasira imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa chimiotherapeutic ku bice by’umubiri, mu gihe bigabanya uburozi bwayo mu mubiri.
Mu duce duto duto twatekerejweho mu gutanga imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, uduce duto twa magnetiki (MNPs) ni two dushishikajwe cyane kubera imiterere yatwo yihariye ya shimi, ibinyabuzima, na rukuruzi, bituma tugira ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye. Kubwibyo, uduce duto twa magnetiki dushobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gushyushya mu kuvura ibibyimba bifite hyperthermia (hyperthermia ikomeye). Bishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gusuzuma (diagnostic resonance magnetic). 3-5 Hakoreshejwe ibi bintu, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kwibumbira kwa MNP mu gace runaka, binyuze mu gukoresha ingufu za rukuruzi zo hanze, gutanga imiti igamije imiti bifungura ireme rya sisitemu ya magnetroni ifite imikorere myinshi kugira ngo igere kuri cytostatics aho kanseri igeze. Sisitemu nkiyo yaba irimo MNP n'imbaraga za rukuruzi kugira ngo igenzure ingendo zayo mu mubiri. Muri iki gihe, imbaraga za rukuruzi zo hanze n'ibikoresho bya rukuruzi byashyizwe mu gice cy'umubiri kirimo ikibyimba bishobora gukoreshwa nk'isoko y'imbaraga za rukuruzi. 6 Uburyo bwa mbere bufite inenge zikomeye, harimo gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye mu gushakira imiti ku ngufu za rukuruzi no gutoza abakozi kubaga. Byongeye kandi, ubu buryo bufite aho bugarukira kubera ikiguzi kinini kandi bukwiriye gusa ku tumori "dusanzwe" turi hafi y'umubiri. Ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha implants za rukuruzi bwagura uburyo ubu buryo bukoreshwa, bukoroshya ikoreshwa ryabwo ku tumori turi mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Magnets ku giti cyazo na magnets zishyizwe muri stent ya intraluminal zishobora gukoreshwa nk'implants zo kwangiza tumori mu ngingo zifunze kugira ngo zigaragare neza ko zihagaze neza. Ariko, dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwacu butarasohoka, izi magnets ntabwo zihagije kugira ngo zibike MNP mu maraso.
Ingufu zo gutanga imiti ya magnetron ziterwa n'ibintu byinshi: imiterere y'icyuma gitwara magnetron ubwacyo, n'imiterere y'isoko ry'umurima wa magnetron (harimo ibipimo bya geometrike bya magnetometre zihoraho n'imbaraga z'umurima wa magneto zikora). Guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo gutanga imiti igabanya ubukana bw'uturemangingo riyobowe na magnetometre rigomba kuba rikubiyemo guteza imbere imiti itwara magnetometre ikwiye, gusuzuma umutekano wayo, no guteza imbere uburyo bwo kureba butuma ikurikirana ingendo zayo mu mubiri.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, twakoze imibare ku miterere y’imbaraga za rukuruzi kugira ngo tugenzure umuti utwara imiti ya rukuruzi mu mubiri. Uburyo bwo kugumana MNP binyuze mu rukuta rw’imitsi y’amaraso hakoreshejwe imbaraga za rukuruzi zifite izi mbaraga za mudasobwa bwanizwe mu mitsi y’amaraso y’imbeba zitari zimwe. Byongeye kandi, twakoze ibishushanyo bya MNP n’ibikoresho bya fluorescent kandi dushyiraho uburyo bwo kubigaragaza mu mubiri. Mu gihe cy’imiterere ya kanseri, mu mbeba zigize icyitegererezo cya kanseri, twakoze ubushakashatsi ku buryo MNPs ziyongera mu tunyangingo twa kanseri iyo zitanzwe mu buryo busanzwe hakoreshejwe imbaraga za rukuruzi.
Mu nyigo yakozwe muri vitro, twakoresheje MNP y’icyitegererezo, naho mu nyigo yakozwe muri vivo, twakoresheje MNP itwikiriwe na polyester ya lactic acid (aside polylactic, PLA) irimo fluorescent agent (indolecyanine; ICG). MNP-ICG iri muri iyi nyigo, ikoreshwa (MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG).
Uburyo bwo gukora no gutunganya ibintu bya MNP byasobanuwe mu buryo burambuye ahandi.
Kugira ngo hakorwe MNPs-ICG, habanje gukorwa PLA-ICG conjugates. Hakoreshejwe ifu ya PLA-D na PLA-L ifite uburemere bwa molekile ya 60 kDa.
Kubera ko PLA na ICG byombi ari aside, kugira ngo PLA-ICG ihuze, hagomba kubanza gukorerwa spacer ya amino-terminated kuri PLA, ifasha ICG chemisorb kugera kuri spacer. Spacer yakozwe hakoreshejwe ethylene diamine (EDA), carbodiimide method na carbodiimide isomba mu mazi, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC). Spacer ya PLA-EDA ikorwa ku buryo bukurikira. Ongeraho EDA inshuro 20 z'umusaruro wa molar n'umusaruro wa molar wa EDAC inshuro 20 kuri 2 mL ya 0.1 g/mL PLA chloroform solution. Gukorwa byakozwe mu muyoboro wa polypropylene wa 15 mL ku gikoresho cyo gukurura ku muvuduko wa 300 min-1 mu gihe cy'amasaha 2. Gahunda yo gukora igaragara ku Ishusho ya 1. Subiramo gukora isesengura ukoresheje reagents zirenze inshuro 200 kugira ngo woroshye gahunda yo gukora isesengura.
Mu mpera z'igikorwa cyo gusesengura, umuti washyizwe muri centrifuge ku muvuduko wa 3000 min-1 mu gihe cy'iminota 5 kugira ngo ukureho ibintu byinshi bya polyethylene byangiritse. Hanyuma, 2 mL y'umuti wa ICG wa 0.5 mg/mL muri dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) wongewemo ku muti wa 2 mL. Umuti utera imbaraga ushyirwa ku muvuduko wa 300 min-1 mu gihe cy'amasaha 2. Imbonerahamwe y'icyitegererezo cy'umuti wabonetse igaragara ku Ishusho ya 2.
Muri 200 mg MNP, twongeyeho 4 mL PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate. Koresha LS-220 shaker (LOIP, Uburusiya) kugira ngo uvange suspension mu minota 30 ku nshuro ya 300 min-1. Hanyuma, yogejwe na isopropanol inshuro eshatu hanyuma ishyirwa mu buryo bwa magnetic separation. Koresha UZD-2 Ultrasonic Disperser (FSUE NII TVCH, Uburusiya) kugira ngo wongere IPA kuri suspension mu minota 5-10 ukoresheje ultrasound ihoraho. Nyuma yo koza IPA ya gatatu, precipitate yogejwe n'amazi ya distilled hanyuma yongera gushyirwamo saline physiological ku gipimo cya 2 mg/mL.
Ibikoresho bya ZetaSizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments, UK) byakoreshejwe mu kwiga ingano ya MNP yabonetse mu gisubizo cy'amazi. Mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki yoherezwa (TEM) ifite JEM-1400 STEM field emission cathode (JEOL, Japan) yakoreshejwe mu kwiga imiterere n'ingano ya MNP.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, dukoresha magneti zihoraho zikozwe mu buryo bwa cylindrical (urwego rwa N35; zifite nickel protective coating) hamwe n'ingano zisanzwe zikurikira (uburebure bw'umurongo muremure × umurambararo wa silinda): 0.5×2 mm, 2×2 mm, 3×2 mm na 5×2 mm.
Inyigo yakozwe muri vitro ku bijyanye no gutwara MNP muri sisitemu y’icyitegererezo yakozwe ku gisenge cy’amazi cyakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Ubuvuzi bw’Igerageza cya Almazov State Medical Center cya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima y’Uburusiya. Ingano y’amazi azenguruka (amazi yashongeshejwe cyangwa igisubizo cya Krebs-Henseleit) ni 225 mL. Magnets za cylindrical zikoreshwa nka magnets zihoraho. Shyira magnets ku kintu gifata 1.5 mm uvuye ku rukuta rw’imbere rw’umuyoboro w’ikirahure cyo hagati, impera yawo ireba icyerekezo cy’umuyoboro (uhagaze). Igipimo cy’amazi mu ruziga rufunze ni 60 L/h (bihuye n’umuvuduko wa 0.225 m/s). Igisubizo cya Krebs-Henseleit gikoreshwa nk’amazi azenguruka kuko ari analog ya plasma. Igipimo cy’ubukana bwa plasma ni 1.1–1.3 mPa∙s. 9 Ingano ya MNP yinjijwe mu ngufu za magneti igenwa na spectrophotometry uhereye ku gipimo cy’icyuma mu mazi azenguruka nyuma y’igerageza.
Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bw'igerageza bwakozwe ku mbonerahamwe y'imikorere y'amazi kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo imiyoboro y'amaraso inyuramo. Ibice by'ingenzi by'inkunga ya hydrodynamic bigaragazwa ku Ishusho ya 3. Ibice by'ingenzi bya stent ya hydrodynamic ni umurongo ufunze ugaragaza igice cy'imiyoboro y'amaraso n'ikigega cyo kubikamo. Ingendo z'amazi y'icyitegererezo ku murongo w'imiyoboro y'amaraso zitangwa na pompe ya peristaltic. Mu gihe cy'igerageza, komeza ikirere n'ubushyuhe bukenewe, kandi ukurikirane ibipimo by'imikorere (ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umuvuduko w'amazi, n'agaciro ka pH).
Ishusho ya 3 Ishusho y'igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo gikoreshwa mu kwiga uburyo urukuta rw'imitsi ya carotide rushobora kwinjira. Ikigega 1 cyo kubikamo, pompe ya peristaltique 2, uburyo 3 bwo kwinjiza suspension irimo MNP mu ruziga, metero 4 z'amazi, sensor y'umuvuduko 5 mu ruziga, 6-exchangeer y'ubushyuhe, icyumba 7 gifite ikintu gikodesha, 8-isoko y'imbaraga rukuruzi, 9-umupira w'amapine ufite hydrocarbons.
Icyumba kirimo icyo gikoresho kigizwe n'ibigega bitatu: igikoresho kinini cyo hanze n'ibigega bibiri bito, aho amaboko y'uruziga rwo hagati anyura. Cannula yinjizwa mu gikoresho gito, igikoresho gihambirwa ku gikoresho gito, kandi umutwe wa cannula uhambiriwe neza n'insinga nto. Umwanya uri hagati y'igikoresho kinini n'icyo gikoresho gito wuzura amazi yatembabuwe, kandi ubushyuhe bugumaho bitewe n'aho gihurizwa n'icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe. Umwanya uri mu gikoresho gito wuzura umuti wa Krebs-Henseleit kugira ngo uturemangingo tw'imitsi y'amaraso tugumane ubuzima. Ikigega kandi cyuzuyemo umuti wa Krebs-Henseleit. Sisitemu yo gutanga umwuka (karubone) ikoreshwa mu gushyushya umuti mu gikoresho gito kiri mu gikoresho cyo kubikamo n'icyumba kirimo icyo gikoresho (Ishusho ya 4).
Ishusho ya 4 Icyumba aho agakoresho gashyirwa. 1-Kannula yo kugabanya imiyoboro y'amaraso, 2-Icyumba cyo hanze, 3-Icyumba gito. Umwambi werekana icyerekezo cy'amazi y'icyitegererezo.
Kugira ngo hamenyekane igipimo cy’ubuhumekero bw’urukuta rw’imitsi, hakoreshejwe umutsi wa carotid w’imbeba.
Kwinjizwa kwa MNP (0.5mL) muri sisitemu bifite ibi bikurikira: ingano yose y'imbere y'ikigega n'umuyoboro uhuza mu ruziga ni 20mL, naho ingano y'imbere ya buri cyumba ni 120mL. Inkomoko y'imbaraga za rukuruzi zo hanze ni rukuruzi ihoraho ifite ingano isanzwe ya 2×3 mm. Ishyizwe hejuru y'umwe mu byumba bito, cm 1 uvuye ku gikoresho, impera imwe ireba urukuta rw'igikoresho. Ubushyuhe buguma kuri 37°C. Ingufu za pompe y'urukiramende zishyirwa kuri 50%, bihwanye n'umuvuduko wa cm 17/s. Nk'igenzura, ingero zafashwe mu kazu kadafite rukuruzi ihoraho.
Nyuma y'isaha imwe hatanzwe urugero runaka rwa MNP, hafashwe icyitegererezo cy'amazi mu cyumba. Ubwinshi bw'ibice byapimwe hakoreshejwe spectrophotometer hakoreshejwe spectrophotometer ya Unico 2802S UV-Vis (United Products & Instruments, USA). Hashingiwe ku buryo MNP ihagaze, igipimo cyakozwe kuri 450 nm.
Dukurikije amabwiriza ya Rus-LASA-FELASA, inyamaswa zose zororerwa kandi zororerwa mu bigo byihariye bitagira indwara. Ubu bushakashatsi bwubahiriza amabwiriza yose agenga imyitwarire mu bushakashatsi ku nyamaswa, kandi bwemejwe n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku buvuzi cya Almazov (IACUC). Inyamaswa zanyoye amazi kandi zikagaburirwa buri gihe.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku mbeba 10 z'abagabo zifite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri zifite ibyumweru 12 (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/Szj, Jackson Laboratory, USA) 10, zipima garama 22 ± 10%. Kubera ko ubudahangarwa bw'imbeba zifite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanutse, imbeba zifite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri zo muri uru rwego zemerera gutera uturemangingo n'uturemangingo tw'abantu nta kwangirwa guterwa. Imbeba zo mu bwoko butandukanye zashyizwe mu itsinda ry'igerageza ku buryo butunguranye, kandi zororokejwe cyangwa zishyirwa mu buryo butunguranye mu buriri bw'andi matsinda kugira ngo zigere ku buryo bungana ku mikorobe isanzwe.
Umurongo w’uturemangingo twa kanseri y’umuntu wa HeLa ukoreshwa mu gushyiraho icyitegererezo cya xenograft. Utu turemangingo twatewe muri DMEM irimo glutamine (PanEco, mu Burusiya), twongerewemo 10% by’amaraso y’inka yo mu nda (Hyclone, muri Amerika), penicilline 100 CFU/mL, na 100 μg/mL streptomycin. Umurongo w’uturemangingo watanzwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura imyitwarire ya Gene Expression cya Institute of Cell Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Mbere yo guterwa inshinge, uturemangingo twa HeLa twakuwe muri pulasitiki yo mu bwoko bwa culture dukoresheje umuti wa 1:1 trypsin:Versene (Biolot, mu Burusiya). Nyuma yo gukaraba, uturemangingo twashyizwe mu buryo bwuzuye kugeza ku rugero rwa 5 × 106 kuri 200 μL, hanyuma dushyirwamo na basement membrane matrix (LDEV-FREE, MATRIGEL® CORNING®) (1:1, ku rubura). Uduce twateguwe twashyizwemo munsi y’uruhu rw’imbeba. Koresha calipers z’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ukurikirane imikurire y’ikibyimba buri minsi 3.
Ubwo ikibyimba cyageraga kuri mm3 500, magneti ihoraho yashyizwe mu mitsi y'inyamaswa yagerageje hafi y'ikibyimba. Mu itsinda ry'igerageza (MNPs-ICG + tumor-M), 0.1 mL ya MNP suspension yatewe ishyirwa ku ngufu za rukuruzi. Inyamaswa zose zitavuwe zakoreshejwe nk'igenzura (inyuma). Byongeye kandi, inyamaswa zatewe 0.1 mL ya MNP ariko zitatewe magneti (MNPs-ICG + tumor-BM) zakoreshejwe.
Ishusho y'urumuri rw'ibipimo bya "in vivo" na "in vitro" yakozwe kuri "IVIS Lumina LT series III bioimager" (PerkinElmer Inc., USA). Ku isuzuma rya "in vitro", hongewemo ingano ya mL 1 ya "synthetic PLA-EDA-ICG" na "MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate" ku byuma bya "plate wells". Hashingiwe ku miterere y'irangi rya ICG, hatoranywa "filter" nziza ikoreshwa mu kumenya ubukana bw'urumuri rw'icyitegererezo: ubunini ntarengwa bwo gushyushya ni 745 nm, naho ubunini bw'urumuri ni 815 nm. Porogaramu ya "Living Image 4.5.5" (PerkinElmer Inc.) yakoreshejwe mu gupima ubukana bw'urumuri rw'ibice birimo "conjugate".
Uburemere bw'urumuri n'ubwiyongere bw'urumuri rwa MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG byapimwe mu mbeba zo mu bwoko bwa tumor, nta ngufu za rukuruzi zihari cyangwa ngo zikoreshwe aho byagaragaye. Imbeba zatewe umuti wa isoflurane, hanyuma 0.1 mL ya MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate iterwa binyuze mu mutsi w'umurizo. Imbeba zitavuwe zakoreshejwe nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura imiterere y'urumuri. Nyuma yo gutanga urumuri mu mitsi, shyira inyamaswa ku rwego rwo gushyushya (37°C) mu cyumba cya IVIS Lumina LT series III fluorescence imager (PerkinElmer Inc.) mu gihe ukomeza guhumeka ukoresheje 2% isoflurane anaesthetization. Koresha akayunguruzo kubatswemo ka ICG (745–815 nm) kugira ngo umenye ibimenyetso mu munota 1 n'iminota 15 nyuma yo gushyiramo MNP.
Kugira ngo harebwe uko imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’inyamaswa yiyongera muri iki kibyimba, agace k’imbere k’inyamaswa katwikiriwe n’impapuro, byatumye habaho gukuraho urumuri rw’umwijima rujyanye no kwirundanya kw’uturemangingo mu mwijima. Nyuma yo kwiga uburyo MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG ikwirakwizwa, inyamaswa zarahitanywe n’indwara y’umutima hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa isoflurane kugira ngo habeho gutandukanya uduce tw’ikibyimba no gusuzuma imirasire y’urumuri. Koresha porogaramu ya Living Image 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) kugira ngo ukoreshe intoki isesengura ry’ibimenyetso mu gace katoranyijwe. Ibipimo bitatu byafashwe kuri buri nyamaswa (n = 9).
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, ntabwo twapimye uburyo ICG yashyizwe ku buryo bushimishije kuri MNPs-ICG. Byongeye kandi, ntabwo twagereranije ubushobozi bwo kubika neza kw'uduce duto tw'ingufu dukoreshejwe na rukuruzi zihoraho z'imiterere itandukanye. Byongeye kandi, ntabwo twasuzumye ingaruka z'igihe kirekire z'imbaraga rukuruzi ku kubika neza kw'uduce duto tw'ingufu mu turemangingo twa kanseri.
Uduce duto tw’ingufu ni two twiganje, dufite ingano mpuzandengo ya 195.4 nm. Byongeye kandi, suspension yari irimo utubumbe dufite ingano mpuzandengo ya 1176.0 nm (Ishusho ya 5A). Nyuma yaho, igice cyayunguruwe binyuze mu kayunguruzo ka centrifugal. Ingufu za zeta z’uduce ni -15.69 mV (Ishusho ya 5B).
Ishusho ya 5 Imiterere ifatika y'isubikwa: (A) ikwirakwizwa ry'ingano y'uduce; (B) ikwirakwizwa ry'uduce kuri zeta potential; (C) Ifoto ya TEM y'uduce duto.
Ingano y'uduce duto muri rusange ni 200 nm (Ishusho ya 5C), igizwe na MNP imwe ifite ingano ya 20 nm, n'igishishwa cya PLA-EDA-ICG gikozwe mu buryo bw'umwimerere gifite ubucucike buke bwa electron. Ikorwa rya agglomerates mu bisubizo by'amazi rishobora gusobanurwa n'uburyo electromotive force y'uduce duto duto ikora ku giti cyatwo ikora ku buryo budahagije.
Ku makuru ahoraho, iyo kurundanya ruba rwinshi mu gipimo cya V, imiterere y’urutonde igabanywamo ibice bibiri, ari byo ingano n’ubuso:
Ku bijyanye n'icyitegererezo gifite magnetization idahinduka, ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi ni zeru. Hanyuma, imikorere ya vector ya magnetic induction izafata icyitegererezo gikurikira:
Koresha porogaramu ya MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., muri Amerika) mu kubara imibare, ETU “LETI” nimero y'uruhushya rw'amasomo 40502181.
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 7 Ishusho ya 8 Ishusho ya 9 Ishusho ya 10, imbaraga zikomeye za rukuruzi zikorwa na rukuruzi ishingiye ku murongo umwe uhereye ku mpera ya silindiri. Ubushobozi bw'imikorere bungana n'imiterere ya rukuruzi. Muri rukuruzi zizunguruka zifite silindiri ifite uburebure buruta umurambararo wayo, imbaraga zikomeye za rukuruzi zigaragara mu cyerekezo cya axial-radial (ku gice gihuye); bityo, silindiri ebyiri zifite igipimo kinini (umurambararo n'uburebure) MNP adsorption ni yo ikora neza cyane.
Ishusho ya 7 Igice cy'imbaraga za rukuruzi Bz ku murongo wa Oz wa rukuruzi; ingano isanzwe ya rukuruzi: umurongo w'umukara 0.5×2mm, umurongo w'ubururu 2×2mm, umurongo w'icyatsi 3×2mm, umurongo utukura 5×2mm.
Ishusho ya 8 Igice cy’ingenzi cya rukuruzi Br gihagaze neza ku murongo wa rukuruzi Oz; ingano isanzwe ya rukuruzi: umurongo w’umukara 0.5×2mm, umurongo w’ubururu 2×2mm, umurongo w’icyatsi kibisi 3×2mm, umurongo utukura 5×2mm.
Ishusho ya 9 Igice cya Bz cy’imbaraga za rukuruzi ku ntera r uvuye ku mpera y’uruziga (z=0); ingano isanzwe ya rukuruzi: umurongo w’umukara 0.5×2mm, umurongo w’ubururu 2×2mm, umurongo w’icyatsi kibisi 3×2mm, umurongo utukura 5×2mm.
Igishushanyo cya 10 Igice cy’urumuri rwa rukuruzi mu cyerekezo cya radial; ingano isanzwe ya rukuruzi: umurongo w’umukara 0.5×2mm, umurongo w’ubururu 2×2mm, umurongo w’icyatsi 3×2mm, umurongo utukura 5×2mm.
Uburyo bwihariye bwa hydrodynamic bushobora gukoreshwa mu kwiga uburyo MNP igera ku tunyangingo tw’ikibyimba, gushyira uduce duto mu gace k’ingenzi, no kumenya imyitwarire y’uduce duto mu bihe bya hydrodynamic mu mikorere y’amaraso. Magnets zihoraho zishobora gukoreshwa nk’imbaraga za rukuruzi zo hanze. Iyo twirengagije imikoranire ya magnetostatic hagati y’uduce duto kandi ntituzirikane icyitegererezo cy’amazi ya rukuruzi, birahagije gupima imikoranire hagati ya magnets n’uduce duto duto dufite dipole-dipole approximation.
Aho m ari igihe cy’ingufu za rukuruzi, r ni vekteri y’aho nanoparticle iherereye, naho k ikaba ari ikintu cy’ingenzi. Mu gice cya dipole, urubuga rwa rukuruzi rufite imiterere isa (Ishusho ya 11).
Mu butaka bwa rukuruzi bumwe, utubumbe duto duto tuzenguruka gusa ku murongo w'imbaraga. Mu butaka bwa rukuruzi butari bumwe, imbaraga zikora kuri bwo:
Aho inkomoko y'icyerekezo runaka l iri. Byongeye kandi, imbaraga zikurura uduce duto tw'ingufu mu bice bitangana cyane by'ubutaka, ni ukuvuga ko imiterere y'imirongo y'ingufu iriyongera.
Kubwibyo, ni byiza gukoresha magneti ikomeye bihagije (cyangwa urunigi rwa magneti) ifite anisotropi igaragara neza mu gace aho utwo duce duherereye.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1 igaragaza ubushobozi bwa rukuruzi imwe nk'isoko ihagije y'imbaraga rukuruzi yo gufata no kubika MNP mu gice cy'imitsi y'ubutaka ikoreshwamo.