Kaolin ni amabuye y'agaciro atari ay'icyuma, ari na yo bwoko bw'ibumba n'ibumba rigizwe ahanini n'amabuye y'ibumba ya kaolinite. Bitewe n'uko isa n'umweru kandi yoroshye, izwi kandi nk'ubutaka bwa Baiyun. Yitiriwe Umudugudu wa Gaoling muri Jingdezhen, Intara ya Jiangxi.

Kaolini yayo nziza ni umweru, yoroshye, kandi yoroshye mu miterere yayo, ifite imiterere myiza y’umubiri n’imiti nko kuba plastike no kwirinda umuriro. Ibigizemo imyunyu ngugu igizwe ahanini na kaolinite, halloysite, hydromica, illite, montmorillonite, ndetse n’imyunyungugu nka quartz na feldspar. Kaolini ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora impapuro, ibumba, n’ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, hagakurikiraho irangi, irangi rya rubber, glaze za enamel, n’ibikoresho fatizo bya sima yera. Mu rugero ruto, ikoreshwa muri pulasitiki, amarangi, amarangi, amapine, amapine yo gusya, amakaramu, amavuta yo kwisiga ya buri munsi, isabune, imiti yica udukoko, imyenda, peteroli, imiti, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi, ubwubatsi bw’igihugu n’izindi nganda.

Ibiranga inzira
Umucyo w'umweru upfundika

Ubuziranenge ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi ku mikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ya kaolin, kandi kaolin ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi ni umweru. Ubuziranenge bwa kaolin bugabanyijemo umweru karemano n'ubuziranenge bwa kalcini. Ku bikoresho fatizo bya ceramic, ubuziranenge nyuma ya calcination ni ingenzi cyane, kandi uko ubuziranenge bwa kalcini burushaho kuba bwiza, niko bwiza burushaho kuba bwiza. Uburyo bwa ceramic buvuga ko kumisha kuri 105 ℃ ari cyo gipimo cy'ubuziranenge karemano, naho calcination kuri 1300 ℃ ari cyo gipimo cy'ubuziranenge bwa kalcini. Ubuziranenge bushobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima ubuziranenge. Igipimo cy'ubuziranenge gipima urumuri rwa 3800-7000Å Igikoresho cyo gupima urumuri ku bunini bwa (ni ukuvuga, 1 angstrom = 0.1 nanometers). Mu gipimo cy’ubuziranenge, ubwiza bw’icyitegererezo cy’ikizamini bugereranywa n’ubw’icyitegererezo gisanzwe (nka BaSO4, MgO, nibindi), bigatuma umweru uba mwiza (nk’ubuziranenge bwa 90, bingana na 90% by’ubwiza bw’icyitegererezo gisanzwe).

Umucyo ni imiterere y'imikorere isa n'umweru, ingana na 4570Å Umucyo uri munsi y'imirasire y'urumuri (angstrom).

Ibara rya kaolini rifitanye isano ahanini na okiside z'icyuma cyangwa ibintu by'umwimerere birimo. Muri rusange birimo Fe2O3, isa n'umutuku w'iroza n'umuhondo w'umukara; Irimo Fe2+, isa n'ubururu bworoheje n'icyatsi kibisi cyoroshye; Irimo MnO2, isa n'umukara woroheje mu ibara; Iyo irimo ibintu by'umwimerere, isa n'umuhondo woroheje, imvi, ubururu, umukara n'andi mabara. Iyi myanda irahari, igabanya umweru karemano wa kaolini. Muri byo, imyunyu ngugu ya feri na titaniyumu ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kwera kwa calcium, igatera utudomo tw'amabara cyangwa inkovu zashongeshejwe kuri porcelain.

Ingano y'uduce duto duto irahindagurika
Ingano y'uduce duto isobanura igipimo cy'uduce turi muri kaolini karemano mu bwoko butandukanye bw'uduce duto (bugaragazwa muri milimetero cyangwa micrometero mesh), bugaragazwa mu ijanisha ry'ibipimo. Ibiranga ikwirakwizwa ry'uduce duto twa kaolini bifite akamaro kanini mu guhitamo no gukoresha amabuye y'agaciro. Ingano y'uduce duto ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo ayo mabuye ahinduka, ubukana bw'ibyondo, ubushobozi bwo guhanahana ayoni, imikorere yayo, imikorere yo kumisha, n'imikorere yo gutwika. Amabuye ya Kaolini asaba gutunganya mu buryo bwa tekiniki, kandi niba byoroshye kuyatunganya kugeza ku bunoze bukenewe byabaye kimwe mu bipimo byo gusuzuma ubwiza bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Buri shami ry'inganda rifite ibisabwa byihariye ku bunini bw'uduce duto n'ubunoze bwa kaolini mu ntego zitandukanye. Niba Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zisaba ko kaolini ikoreshwa nk'igitambaro iba iri munsi ya 2 μ Ingano ya m ingana na 90-95%, kandi ibikoresho byuzuza impapuro biri munsi ya 2 μ M ingana na 78-80%.

Gupfunyika
Gufatana bivuga ubushobozi bwa kaolini bwo guhuzwa n'ibikoresho fatizo bitari ibya pulasitiki kugira ngo bikore ibirundo by'ibyondo bya pulasitiki kandi bigire imbaraga runaka zo kuma. Kumenya ubushobozi bwo gufatana bisaba kongeramo umucanga usanzwe wa quartz (ufite ingano ya 0.25-0.15 y'ibice by'ubunini bwa 70% na 0.15-0.09mm y'ubunini bwa 30%) kuri kaolini. Ukurikije uburebure bwayo hashingiwe ku mucanga mwinshi iyo ishoboye kugumana ibumba rya pulasitiki n'imbaraga zayo zo guhindagurika nyuma yo kuma, uko umucanga wongerwamo niko ubushobozi bwo gufatana bw'iyi kaolini burushaho gukomera. Ubusanzwe, kaolini ifite pulasitiki ikomeye nayo ifite ubushobozi bwo gufatana bukomeye.

Kole ipfunyika
Ubucucike bwerekana imiterere y'amazi abangamira urujya n'uruza rwayo bitewe n'ubucucike bw'imbere. Ubunini bwayo (ikora ku gice 1 cy'ubucucike bw'imbere) bugaragazwa n'ubucucike, mu bice bya Pa · s. Gupima ubucucike muri rusange bipimwa hakoreshejwe viscometer izunguruka, ipima umuvuduko w'ubucucike mu byondo bya kaolin birimo 70% by'ibice bikomeye. Mu gikorwa cyo gukora, ubucucike bufite akamaro kanini. Ntabwo ari ikintu cy'ingenzi gusa mu nganda za ceramic, ahubwo bigira n'ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zikora impapuro. Dukurikije amakuru, iyo ukoresha kaolin nk'igitambaro mu mahanga, ubucucike busabwa kuba hafi 0.5Pa · s ku gitambaro gito kandi munsi ya 1.5Pa · s ku gitambaro cyihuta cyane.

Thixotropy yerekeza ku miterere y'uko ururenda rwagizwe gel kandi ntirwongere gutemba ruhinduka amazi nyuma yo gusinzira, hanyuma rukagenda rukomera buhoro buhoro nyuma yo kuba rutarahinduka. Ingano y'ubunini ikoreshwa mu kwerekana ingano yarwo, kandi rupimwa hakoreshejwe viscometer yo gusohoka na viscometer yo mu miyoboro ya capillary.

Ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bw'ibintu bifitanye isano n'imiterere y'imyunyu ngugu, ingano y'uduce, n'ubwoko bwa cation mu byondo. Muri rusange, abafite montmorillonite nyinshi, uduce duto, na sodiyumu nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gusimburanya ibintu bafite ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubunini. Kubwibyo, muri icyo gikorwa, uburyo nko kongeramo ibumba rya pulasitiki nyinshi no kunoza ubushyuhe bukunze gukoreshwa kugira ngo bunoze ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bw'ibintu bito, mu gihe uburyo nko kongera electrolyte yakuwemo amazi n'ubushyuhe bukoreshwa kugira ngo bugabanuke.