Umukara wa karuboni wera (silica dioxide) ushyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: silika ifite umwuka (ihinduka ry’umwuka) n’iyangiritse (ihinduka ry’amazi), buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye n’uburyo ikoreshwa.

Silika ishyushye

Silika ifushwa, ikorwa binyuze mu gushonga kwa chlorosilane mu bushyuhe bwinshi mu muriro wa hydrogen-oxygen, ifite ubuziranenge bwa ≥99.8%, uduce tw’ibanze twa nanoscale (7–40 nm), n’ubuso bunini cyane (100–400 m²/g). Ikora imiyoboro ikomeye ya thixotropic, itanga imbaraga zidasanzwe, ubushyuhe buhamye, kandi irinda ubushyuhe. Ni nziza cyane mu bikorwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ikora nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gikomeza imbaraga mu rubu rwa silicone, ihindura rheology mu gupfuka/gufata kugira ngo idacika intege, kandi ikaba inyongeramusaruro y'ingenzi mu kwisiga, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'ibikoresho bya bateri.

Silika y'amazi

Silika y'imvura ivanze n'amazi, ikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukamura sodium silicate hamwe na aside (urugero, H₂SO₄) hanyuma hagakurikiraho imvura n'umusemburo, ifite ubuziranenge bugera kuri 93%, uduce duto twahuje (micron scale), n'ubuso buringaniye (100–200 m²/g). Ihendutse kandi yoroshye kuyitunganya, irahebuje mu bihe bigoye. Ikoreshwa cyane nk'umusemburo wo kongera imbaraga mu mapine (igabanya ubukana bwo kuzunguruka) n'ibicuruzwa bya kabutike, umuti wo gupfuka mu marangi, umuti wo gukurura mu muti wo koza amenyo, n'umuti wo gutwara/kugabanya gufunga mu biryo n'ibiryo.

Iyi nkuru itanga incamake isobanutse neza kugira ngo igufashe guhitamo silika ikubereye cyane mu mishinga yawe.