Bentonite ni amabuye y'agaciro atari icyuma afite montmorillonite nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'amabuye y'agaciro. Imiterere ya montmorillonite ni imiterere ya kristu yo mu bwoko bwa 2:1 igizwe na tetrahedroni ebyiri za silicon oxide zigizwe n'urwego rwa octahedron ya aluminium oxide. Bitewe n'imiterere y'imiterere igizwe n'uturemangingo twa kristu twa montmorillonite, hari cation zimwe na zimwe, nka Cu, Mg, Na, K, n'izindi, kandi imikoranire hagati y'izi cation n'uturemangingo twa kristu twa montmorillonite ntabwo ihamye cyane, byoroshye guhinduranya n'izindi cation, bityo ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhanahana iyoni. Mu mahanga, yakoreshejwe mu mashami arenga 100 mu nzego 24 z'inganda n'ubuhinzi, hamwe n'ibicuruzwa birenga 300, bityo abantu bayita "ubutaka bw'isi yose".

Bentonite izwi kandi nka bentonite, bentonite, cyangwa bentonite. Ubushinwa bufite amateka maremare yo guteza imbere no gukoresha bentonite, yakoreshejwe gusa nk'isabune. (Hari ibirombe bifunguye mu gace ka Renshou muri Sichuan mu myaka amagana ishize, abaturage bo muri ako gace bayitaga ifu y'ubutaka ya bentonite.) Imaze imyaka irenga ijana gusa ikoreshwa cyane. Ivumburwa rya mbere muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryabaye mu gice cya kera cya Wyoming, aho ibumba ry'umuhondo-icyatsi kibisi, rishobora kwaguka rikaba ifu nyuma yo kongeramo amazi, ryitwaga bentonite. Mu by'ukuri, igice cy'ingenzi cy'amabuye y'agaciro ya bentonite ni montmorillonite, ifite ingano ya 85-90%. Imiterere imwe na imwe ya bentonite nayo igaragazwa na montmorillonite. Montmorillonite ishobora gufata amabara atandukanye nk'icyatsi cy'umuhondo, umweru w'umuhondo, imvi, umweru, n'ibindi. Ishobora gukora ibibyimba byinshi cyangwa ubutaka butose, hamwe n'uburyo bunyerera iyo uyikojejeho intoki. Nyuma yo kongeramo amazi, umubiri muto urushaho kwaguka inshuro nyinshi kugeza ku nshuro 20-30 z'ingano, kandi ukagaragara nk'aho uhagaze mu mazi. Iyo amazi ari make, asa n'aho ari make. Imiterere ya montmorillonite ifitanye isano n'imiterere yayo ya shimi n'imiterere y'imbere.

Ubutaka karemano bwakuweho ibara

Ni ukuvuga ko ibumba ryera risanzwe rifite ubushobozi bwo kuryoshya ni ibumba ryera ry'ikijuju rigizwe ahanini na montmorillonite, albite, na quartz, kandi ni ubwoko bwa bentonite.

Ahanini ni umusaruro w’ivumburwa ry’amabuye y’ibirunga ya vitreous, adakura nyuma yo gukurura amazi, kandi agaciro ka pH k’ivumburwa ni aside nke, itandukanye na bentonite ya alkaline; Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gusibanganya ni bubi kurusha ubw’ibumba rikora. Muri rusange amabara arimo umuhondo woroshye, umweru w’icyatsi kibisi, imvi, ibara rya olive, umukara, umweru w’amata, umutuku wa peach, ubururu, n’ibindi. Ni make cyane ni umweru gusa. Ubucucike: 2.7-2.9g/cm. Ubucucike bugaragara akenshi buba buke bitewe n’ubucucike. Ibigize imiti bisa n’iby’ibumba risanzwe, aho ibice by’ingenzi bigize imiti ari aluminiyumu, dioxyde silikoni, amazi, n’icyuma gito, manyeziyumu, kalisiyumu, nibindi. Nta plastiki, nta gushonga cyane. Bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’aside silikisike ifite amazi menshi, ni aside kuri litmus. Amazi akunda gucika kandi afite amazi menshi. Muri rusange, uko ubucucike burushaho kuba bwiza, niko imbaraga zo guhindura ibara ziba nyinshi.

Mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi, mu gihe cyo gusuzuma ubuziranenge, ni ngombwa gupima imikorere ya bleach, aside, imikorere ya filtration, kwinjiza amavuta, n'ibindi bintu.

Amabuye y'agaciro ya Bentonite
Ubutare bwa Bentonite ni amabuye y'agaciro akoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi, kandi ubwiza n'uburyo akoreshwamo ahanini biterwa n'ibikubiye muri montmorillonite n'ubwoko bwayo n'imiterere yayo. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryayo n'ikoreshwa ryayo bigomba gutandukana bitewe n'ubucukuzi bwayo ndetse n'imikorere yayo. Urugero, gukora ibumba rikora, kalisiyumu ishingiye kuri sodiyumu, gucukura imigozi yo gucukura peteroli, gusimbuza sitashi nk'urusenda rwo kuzunguza, gucapa no gusiga irangi, gukoresha irangi ry'imbere n'iry'inyuma ku bikoresho by'ubwubatsi, gutegura bentonite y'umwimerere, gukora zeolite ya 4A ivuye muri bentonite, gukora umukara wa karuboni wera, n'ibindi.

Itandukaniro riri hagati y’ishingiro rya kalisiyumu n’ishingiro rya sodiyumu

Ubwoko bwa bentonite buterwa n'ubwoko bwa cation interlayer muri bentonite. Iyo cation interlayer ari Na+, yitwa bentonite ishingiye kuri sodium; bentonite ishingiye kuri kalisiyumu yitwa iyo cation interlayer ari Ca+. Sodium montmorillonite (cyangwa sodium bentonite) ifite imiterere myiza kurusha bentonite ishingiye kuri kalisiyumu. Ariko, ikwirakwizwa ry'ubutaka bwa kalisiyumu ku isi ni rinini cyane kuruta iry'ubutaka bwa kalisiyumu. Kubwibyo, uretse gushimangira ishakisha ry'ubutaka bwa kalisiyumu, ni ngombwa guhindura ubutaka bwa kalisiyumu kugira ngo buhinduke ubutaka bwa kalisiyumu.