Bentonite ni minerval idafite ubutare hamwe na montmorillonite nkibigize imyunyu ngugu.Imiterere ya montmorillonite ni ubwoko bwa 2: 1 bwa kristaliste igizwe na tetrahedrons ya silicon ebyiri tetrahedrons yashizwemo hamwe na octahedron ya aluminium.Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwakozwe na selile ya montmorillonite, hari cations zimwe na zimwe, nka Cu, Mg, Na, K, nibindi, kandi imikoranire iri hagati yiyi cations na selile ya montmorillonite ntigihungabana cyane, byoroshye kuba guhanahana nandi cations, bityo ifite ibyiza byo guhana ion.Mu mahanga, yakoreshejwe mu mashami arenga 100 mu bice 24 by’inganda n’ubuhinzi, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa birenga 300, bityo abantu bakabyita “ubutaka rusange”.

Bentonite izwi kandi nka bentonite, bentonite, cyangwa bentonite.Ubushinwa bufite amateka maremare yo kwiteza imbere no gukoresha bentonite, ubusanzwe yakoreshwaga gusa.(Hariho ibirombe byafunguye mu gace ka Renshou muri Sichuan mu binyejana byashize, kandi abaturage baho bita ifu yubutaka bwa bentonite.)Yakoreshejwe cyane mumyaka irenga ijana.Ubuvumbuzi bwa mbere muri Amerika bwari mu bice bya kera bya Wyoming, aho ibumba ry'umuhondo-icyatsi kibisi, rishobora kwaguka muri paste nyuma yo kongeramo amazi, hamwe ryiswe bentonite.Mubyukuri, imyunyu ngugu nyamukuru ya bentonite ni montmorillonite, hamwe na 85-90%.Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya bentonite nabyo bigenwa na montmorillonite.Montmorillonite irashobora gufata amabara atandukanye nkicyatsi kibisi, umuhondo cyera, imvi, umweru, nibindi.Irashobora gukora ibibyimba byinshi cyangwa ubutaka bworoshye, hamwe no kunyerera iyo ukoresheje intoki zawe.Nyuma yo kongeramo amazi, umubiri muto waguka inshuro nyinshi kugeza kuri 20-30 mubunini, kandi bigaragara ko uhagaritswe mumazi.Iyo hari amazi make, bigaragara ko ari mushy.Imiterere ya montmorillonite ifitanye isano nimiterere yimiti nimiterere yimbere.

Ubutaka busanzwe

Mubisanzwe, mubisanzwe ibumba ryera rifite imiterere yihariye yo guhumeka ni ibumba ryera, ryera ryera ryera rigizwe ahanini na montmorillonite, albite, na quartz, kandi ni ubwoko bwa bentonite.

Nibicuruzwa ahanini byangirika byurutare rwibirunga rwa vitreous, bitaguka nyuma yo gufata amazi, kandi agaciro ka pH guhagarikwa ni aside idakomeye, itandukanye na alkaline bentonite;Imikorere yacyo yo guhumanya ni mbi kuruta iy'ibumba ryakozwe.Amabara muri rusange arimo umuhondo wijimye, icyatsi kibisi, icyatsi, ibara rya elayo, umukara, amata yera, umutuku wumutuku, ubururu, nibindi.Bake cyane ni abazungu.Ubucucike: 2.7-2.9g / cm.Ubucucike bugaragara akenshi buri hasi kubera ubukana.Ibigize imiti bisa nibumba risanzwe, hamwe nibice nyamukuru bigize imiti ni okiside ya aluminium, dioxyde de silicon, amazi, hamwe nicyuma gito, magnesium, calcium, nibindi. Nta plastike, adsorption nyinshi.Bitewe na aside irike ya hydrous silicic, ni acide kuri litmus.Amazi akunda gucika kandi afite amazi menshi.Mubisanzwe, nibyiza cyane, niko imbaraga za decolorisation ziri hejuru.

Mugihe cyicyiciro cyubushakashatsi, mugihe gikora isuzuma ryiza, birakenewe gupima imikorere yacyo yo guhumanya, acide, imikorere yo kuyungurura, kwinjiza amavuta, nibindi bintu.

Ubutare bwa Bentonite
Ubutare bwa Bentonite ni imyunyu ngugu ikoreshwa cyane, kandi ubwiza bwayo hamwe nimirima ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubirimo nibiranga ubwoko bwa montmorillonite nibiranga imiti ya kirisiti.Kubwibyo, iterambere ryayo nikoreshwa bigomba gutandukana mubyanjye nibindi byanjye nibikorwa.Kurugero, umusaruro wibumba ryakozwe, calcium ishingiye kuri sodium ishingiye, gucukura gutobora peteroli, gusimbuza ibinyamisogwe nkibishishwa byo kuzunguruka, gucapa no gusiga irangi, ukoresheje impuzu zimbere n’imbere ku bikoresho byubaka, gutegura bentonite kama, guhuza 4A zeolite kuva bentonite, kubyara karubone yera, nibindi.

Itandukaniro hagati ya calcium ishingiye na sodium ishingiye

Ubwoko bwa bentonite bugenwa nubwoko bwa interlayer cation muri bentonite.Iyo interlayer cation ari Na +, yitwa sodium ishingiye kuri bentonite;Kalisiyumu ishingiye kuri bentonite yitwa iyo interlayer cation ari Ca +.Sodium montmorillonite (cyangwa sodium bentonite) ifite ibintu byiza kuruta calcium ishingiye kuri bentonite.Nyamara, ikwirakwizwa ryubutaka bwa calcare kwisi kwagutse cyane kuruta ubw'ubutaka bwa sodium.Kubwibyo, usibye gushimangira ubushakashatsi bwubutaka bwa sodium, birakenewe guhindura ubutaka bwa calcare kugirango buhinduke ubutaka bwa sodium.