Kuvuga ko hari ibintu byinshi byabaye mu mwaka ushize kuva icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyatangira, ibi ni ukudashyira mu gaciro ibintu bikomeye, ku buryo bigoye kwibuka iminsi ya mbere y’umuryango w’abajura b’ibikoresho bakoresheje uburyo bwa PPE bwakozwe ku bwinshi. , ventilator yo mu rugo n’ibindi. Ariko, ntitwibuka ko habayeho kugerageza kwinshi cyane kubaka iyi oxygen concentrator ya DIY mu gihe cyo kwagura.
Bitewe n'uburyo bworoshye n'ubushobozi bw'igishushanyo mbonera cyitwa OxiKit, bisa nkaho bitangaje kuba tutarabona izindi mashini nk'izo. OxiKit ikoresha zeolite, amabuye y'agaciro afite imyenge ashobora gukoreshwa nk'urushundura rwa molekile. Udusaro duto dushyirwa mu cyuma gikozwe mu miyoboro ya PVC n'ibikoresho byayo biva mu bubiko bw'ibikoresho, kandi tugahuzwa na compressor y'umwuka idafite amavuta binyuze muri valve y'umwuka igenzurwa na valve nyinshi za solenoid. Nyuma yo gukonja mu cyuma cy'umuringa, umwuka ufunze uhatirwa kunyura mu nkingi ya zeolite ikomeza kubika azote mu gihe ireka ogisijeni ikanyuramo. Umugezi wa ogisijeni uracikamo kabiri, igice kimwe kikinjira mu kigega cy'umwuka, ikindi gice kikinjira mu mwobo wa kabiri wa zeolite, aho azote ifunze cyane irekurwa. Arduino igenzura valve kugira ngo ihindure umwuka ijye inyuma n'inyuma kugira ngo itange litiro 15 za ogisijeni 96% ku munota.
OxiKit ntabwo ikora neza nk'imashini zitanga umwuka wa ogisijeni mu bucuruzi, bityo ntabwo irangwa n'ituze cyane. Ariko iyi ihendutse cyane kurusha iy'ubucuruzi, kandi ku bajura benshi, biroroshye kuyikora. Imiterere ya OxiKit yose ni iy'ikoranabuhanga rifunguye, ariko igurisha ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bigoye kugura n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa, nka zeolite. Tuzagerageza gukora ikintu nk'iki kuko ikoranabuhanga ni ryiza cyane. Kugira isoko rya ogisijeni ritemba cyane na byo si bibi.
Litiro 15 ku munota zisa n'izitangaje cyane. Mu bijyanye n'ubunini, birahagije kugira ngo ubuzima bw'abantu 7 bubeho mu bihe bisanzwe (buri muntu kuri litiro 2 ku munota).
Nahoraga nifuza kumenya uko ibi bikora. Birashishikaje. Bisa nkaho binyuranyije n'amategeko ya thermodynamics, ariko si ko bimeze.
Kubera ko umwuka mwinshi wa ogisijeni ukorwa, ndashaka kumenya uko bizagenda niumanika uyu mwana kuri moteri y'imodoka cyangwa ukayigura. Bishobora kuba bimeze nka nitrite. Ibi bizaba ari umutekano, kuko ushobora kuyishyiraho kugira ngo umwuka "wuzuye" ukorwa ukoresherwe hafi ya moteri aho kubikwa ahantu hose. Ariko, ngomba kubanza guhindura imodoka. Nta kibazo… “Bizaba bibi.”
Ndatekereza ko ibi ari byiza mu gusudira/gukata ogisijeni/propane, ogisijeni/hydrogen cyangwa ogisijeni/asetilini.
Yego, nyuma yo kureba iyi videwo, YT yashyize ahagaragara videwo ya Dalbor Farny ku gipimo cya O2. Intego ni ukumuha itara rya ogisijeni akeneye mu icupa ry'ibirahuri rihuha. Kora umuyoboro wawe wa digitale wihariye. Mu by'ukuri, esheshatu muri zo zihuza zigatanga O2 ya 30 lpm.
Ndatekereza ko moteri ya litiro 2 ikoresha umuvuduko wa RPM ibihumbi bike ishobora gukoresha moteri ya litiro 15 aho gukoresha umunota 1. Ariko se, ibi bishobora kongera urugero rwa ogisijeni mu mwuka ujyamo kugeza ku rugero ruhagije? Mu by'ukuri sinzi
Nitrite ishobora gutanga ingufu kuko irekura molekile ya azote kuri buri molekile ya azote yangiritse (ikomeza ingano yayo uko ogisijeni ikoreshwa), nk'uko yongera ingano ya ogisijeni ikora neza (Irekurwa naryo ritanga ubushyuhe). Gutanga ogisijeni nziza ntabwo ari ingirakamaro, kuko uracyatakaza ingano kandi ugomba guhangana n'ibibazo bishobora gutwika moteri.
Uzakenera kongera imbaraga cyane. Moteri y'imodoka ya litiro 2 ifite umuvuduko wa rpm 2500 "ihumeka" metero kibe 2.5 z'umwuka ku munota (21% O²). Ni inshuro zigera kuri 600 z'umuntu uruhuka. Ingano y'ubuhumekero abantu bakoresha ni hafi 25% bya O², mu gihe ingano y'ubuhumekero imodoka zikoresha ni hafi 90%…
Nanone itwika piston zishyushye cyane kandi zishongeshejwe. Iyo uhinduye lisansi ivanze, ushobora kubona imbaraga nyinshi muri moteri iyo ari yo yose. Ariko piston izashonga bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe. Ogisijeni nke ibuza icyuma gushonga.
Moteri zisanzwe z'imodoka zigengwa n'umwuka utemba kandi zitanga ingufu nyinshi iyo zishyushya umwuka wa ogisijeni wose uri mu kirere. Ibi bigerwaho binyuze mu kongera imbaraga mu mvange, ibyo bikaba bidatwika lisansi. Keretse ingufu nyinshi zikenewe, moteri z'imodoka zikunze gukora ku buryo butunguranye, kuko gukoresha lisansi nyinshi bivuze kugabanuka kw'ikoreshwa rya lisansi no kwiyongera k'ihumana rya hydrocarbon.
Niba ushaka gukoresha iyi porogaramu kugira ngo wongere ingufu, ukeneye uburyo bwo gushuka mudasobwa ya moteri kugira ngo yongereho lisansi runaka icyarimwe.
Niba ushobora kugumana igipimo cy’umwuka na lisansi gihoraho, bisa nko gufungura umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ku kigero gito cyane.
Ariko, niba urenze "kigero gito ku ijana" (ku buryo butari bwo…), ushobora kugera ku bushobozi bwa ECU bwo gusobanukirwa ingano y'umwuka winjira, cyangwa kugenzura ingano y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli bisohoka, cyangwa gushyiraho igihe gikwiye cyo gutwika utitaye ku muvuduko n'umwuka ukoresha.
Igipimo cy'amazi akenewe kugira ngo umuntu akomeze kubaho giterwa ahanini n'uko ameze! Litiro 2 ku munota ni ikintu cyoroshye cyane. Abarwayi benshi bakeneye kwitabwaho cyane bakenera litiro 15 ku munota.
Witondere gusa ogisijeni ibura. Ogisijeni nyinshi ishobora gutuma ibintu byinshi bishya kandi igatera gutwika amavuta menshi n'amavuta mu buryo butunguranye. Niyo mpamvu bakoresha compressors zidafite amavuta.
Ibyo, hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwinshi "budahita bukoreshwa mu gutunganya O2" bushobora kukugirira nabi, cyane cyane iyo igitutu cyiyongera.
Niba urimo gukina O2, ushobora gukoresha Vance Harlow's Oxygen Hacker's Companion (abajura ba nitrox bashobora kuba basanzwe bafite iyi companion): http://www.airspeedpress.com/newoxyhacker .html
Sinzi igitabo, ni umukoresha, si umukoresha. Ariko, murakoze ku bw'inyandiko yanyu, nzatumiza kopi iyo fomu ikimara gukurikizwa!
Yego, ndavuga. Uburyo umwuka ufunze wa PVC unanirwa ni uguturika kw'ibice by'umuvuduko, bityo rero reba neza ibipimo by'umuvuduko - uko umurambararo w'umuyoboro wiyongera, igipimo cy'umuvuduko kizagabanuka.
Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1980, nakoreye ikigo gikodesha ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi cyakodeshaga kikanatunganya imashini zitanga umwuka wa ogisijeni za Devilbiss. Icyo gihe, izi mashini zari zingana na firigo ntoya y'inzoga. Ndibuka neza imiterere y'imbere yayo "y'ububiko bw'ibikoresho". Ndibuka ko agace k'uburinzi kakozwe mu muyoboro wa PVC wa santimetero 1.5 n'igipfundikizo, bityo imiterere ivugwa muri uyu mushinga ijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rya kera (ariko bigaragara ko ari ingirakamaro).
Kompresa ni ubwoko bwa piston/diaphragm ifite double-voscillating air, bityo nta mavuta aba mu mwuka ufunze. Valve iri mu mutwe wa kompresa ni urubingo rworoshye rw'icyuma kitagira umugese.
Gutondekanya imiyoboro y'amazi bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "mechanical timer", nta Arduino ikenewe. Uburyo bwa "timeer" bufite uburyo bwo guhuza (moteri y'isaha) butwara umugozi ufite amapine menshi ya "cam". Imashini nto ikoresha "micro switch" ikoresha "solenoid valve", bigatuma gaze izenguruka.
Umwanzi ukomeye w'izi mashini ni ubushuhe bwinshi. Kwinjira kwa molekile z'amazi byangiza agace k'amazi gashyirwamo amazi.
Mbere gato yuko mva muri iyo kompanyi, twatangiye kugura concentrator iturutse ku mukinnyi wa Devilbiss (izina ryanjye ntabwo nzi), kandi iyi kompanyi yagaragaje iterambere rikomeye. Uretse concentrator nshya nto kandi ituje, iyi kompanyi yanakoze sifting bed ikoresheje imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu. Umuyoboro utwikiriwe n'isahani ifite imiyoboro ya O-rings. Ntekereza ku nkunga yuzuye ihuza assemblies. Akamaro k'iyi miterere ni uko nibiba ngombwa, igitanda gishobora gutandukanywa hanyuma ibikoresho bya sif bigasimburwa. Banakuyeho timers za mechanical hanyuma babisimbuza ibikoresho byoroheje bya elegitoroniki na SSR kugira ngo batere solenoids.
Bisaba gukoresha imiyoboro ya SCH40 (umuvuduko wa 260psi kuri 3″) kandi bigaragara ko ifite valve y'umutekano ya 40psi n'icyuma gipima 20-30psi mbere yuko PVC ishyirwamo umuvuduko, bityo hari ikintu cyiza cyo kwirinda. Sinzi neza uburyo izahura na O2.
Igitutu cya SCH40 gikubye inshuro nyinshi igitutu gisanzwe - bitewe n'umurambararo. Umuyoboro wa santimetero 3 ni hafi 850 psi, naho umuyoboro wa santimetero 6 ni hafi 500 psi. 1/2 santimetero hafi 2000 psi. Kukuba kabiri umubare wa SCH80. Iyi niyo mpamvu imashini za tenisi za PVC zidaturika - nyinshi cyane. Kuzigura ku cyumba cyo gutwika cya santimetero 6 cyangwa 8 bizakongerera amahirwe yawe. Ariko muri rusange, umuryango w'abajura ukunda gusuzugura cyane imbaraga z'ibirundo bya pulasitiki. https://www.pvcfittingsonline.com/resource-center/strength-of-pvc-pipe-with-strength-chart/
Nakwifuza kugabanya ubushobozi bw'umuntu utarabigize umwuga bwo gukoresha ibirungo by'umuriro (ndetse wenda n'ubuziranenge). Isoko ry'imyidagaduro rikunze kugura silindari za ogisijeni zo kwa muganga zavuye mu kazi. Icyo cyari igitekerezo cyanjye cya mbere, ariko igiciro cya gikoresho + BOM cyarenze cyane igiciro cy'ishami ry'ubuvuzi ryavuye mu kazi.
Moteri y'imodoka ya litiro 2 ishobora gukoresha litiro 9.000 za ogisijeni ku munota (umuvuduko mwinshi), bityo litiro 15 ku munota za ogisijeni ziba ngufi inshuro 600. , Iki ni igikoresho cyiza. Naguze concentrateur nyinshi zavuguruwe za litiro 5 ku munota kuri buri $300 (igiciro gisa nkaho kirimo kuzamuka). Itanga litiro 5 ku munota. Hakoreshwa watts magana make, bityo birumvikana ko litiro 9000 ku munota (ku mpamvu z'imyidagaduro gusa) zisaba hafi kW 360 (480 hp).
Kubera ko algorithm yabo yanditswe n'itsinda rya Berlin. (Bara imwe hanyuma uzabona inyenyeri ya zahabu.)
Reba urubuga rw'ikigo… ibyavuzwe mu iduka ryabo ntabwo byumvikana neza, ariko bazagugurisha amapawundi 5 kuri $75.00. Reka turebe github. Ntukabyiteho. Nta BOM ihari.
Dufite igishushanyo mbonera cy’amashanyarazi gifunguye gishobora kukubwira uko wacyubaka aho kucuzuza. Aha hantu mbyita ahantu amakuru y’ingenzi abura. Ni nk’aho umuntu atera urujijo… birashishikaje.
OxiKit yavuze mu gitekerezo kuri imwe muri videwo zabo (iyo nahuje nayo muri iyi nkuru, ni ukuvuga IIRC) ko iyi ari sodium zeolite.
Kimwe n'izindi mashini zose ziyungurura, ubwira uwakoze icyo ushaka kuyikoresha, ntabwo ubwira icyo igenewe. Kuko ari ikintu kimwe, ariko aho ipfundikiye haratandukanye.
Ibice bya O2 bikunze gukoresha zeolite ya 13X 0.4 mm-0.8 mm cyangwa JLOX 101 zeolite, iya kabiri niyo ihenze cyane. Mu gihe cyo kongera kubaka craigslist o2 concentrator, nakoresheje 13X. Itara ry'icyatsi kibisi rihora ryaka, bityo ubuziranenge bwa o2 ni nibura 94%.

https://catalysts.basf.com/files/literature-library/BASF_13X-Molecular-Sieve_Datasheet_Rev.08-2020.pdf

Uduce twa molekile twa 5A (5 angstrom) natwo dushobora gukoreshwa. Ndatekereza ko tudahitamo cyane azote, ariko dushobora no kuyikoresha.
Hari animasiyo nziza kuri Wikipedia ishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza ihame ry'imikorere y'igikoresho: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Pressure_swing_adsorption_principle.svg I kwinjiza umwuka ufunze A kwinjiza umwuka O ogisijeni Umusaruro D kwinjiza umwuka E kwinjiza umwuka
Iyo inkingi ya zeolite yuzuye azote, uturindantoki twose turahindurwa kugira ngo azote yinjire mu nkingi irekure.
Urakoze cyane ku bisobanuro byawe bigufi. Nahoraga nibaza niba icyuma gitanga azote gishobora gukoreshwa mu mishinga yo gukora isuku ya azote mu rugo. Kubwibyo, imyanda iva muri icyo gikoresho gitanga azote muri rusange ni azote: ni nziza cyane, nzayikoresha mu gice cyanjye cyo gusoda kidafite icyuma gitanga ayo mazi.
Mu by’ukuri, ku bataramenyera, ni ingirakamaro cyane kubasha guhindura umwuka mo umwuka wa ogisijeni gusa ndetse na azote gusa. Ndashaka kumenya niba ushobora gukoresha "azote cyane cyane" nk'umwuka wo kurinda mu gusudira.
Kuri TIG (izwi kandi nka GTAW), kubera ko plasma plume iba ifite ubukana bwinshi, sinzi neza. Gazi ya Argon ikoreshwa cyane, rimwe na rimwe ifite gaze ya helium nto kugira ngo yinjire mu bikoresho nka aluminiyumu na titaniyumu. Umuvuduko wayo ni hagati ya 6 na 8l/min, ushobora kuba munini cyane ku gikoresho gisanzwe cyo gukamura.
Ku bijyanye no gusudira, ni ngombwa ko ibigo bikomeye byo gusudira byose bigurisha umwuka ukingira azote kugira ngo bikore rohs, ariko igiciro cya seti kiri hagati ya 1-2k euros. Igipimo cyabyo cy'amazi ni hafi 1l/min, bikaba bikwiriye cyane ku byuma bisukura molekile. Reka rero duteranye ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe maze dukore soldering idafite flux-free lead-free mu rugo!
Abasudira bashaka gukoresha azote nyayo nk'umwuka urinda. Irahendutse kurusha argon cyangwa heliyumu ihendutse. Ikibabaje ni uko ikora neza ku bushyuhe bugera kuri arc kandi ikunda gukora nitrides zidakenewe muri iyo sudde.
Ikoreshwa mu gusudira umwuka urinda ibyuma, ariko ingano nto ni yo ishobora guhindura imiterere y'icyuma gisudira.
Birumvikana ko bishoboka kuyikoresha mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, ariko n'icyuma gikozwe neza gishobora kutagira icyo gikorwa.
Kubwibyo, muri tekinoloji, nibura PSA imwe ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya azote, hanyuma indi PSA (ikoresha indi zeolite) kugira ngo igabanye ogisijeni, bigatuma habaho ibintu byinshi bitari ogisijeni cyangwa azote.
Iyo uvuze ukuri, icyo gihe, ndakugira inama yo gufunga umwuka hanyuma ukawusukamo kugira ngo utandukanye umwuka wifuza/udakenewe.
@Foldi-A point ipfunyika mu bijyanye n'ingufu zinjira n'ingufu zisohoka. Ndemeranya rwose ko imikorere izaba iri hejuru cyane ku rugero runini kuko ushobora gukoresha evaporation mu gukonjesha mbere yo gukonjesha.
Ariko ku urwego ruto cyane, uzaba ufite compressor 1, iminara 4 ya zeolite n'udupira tw'amashanyarazi twinshi hamwe n'igiciro cya mbere cy'icyuma gipima umuvuduko gihendutse (The Brain), nkeka ko kizaba gito.
@irox irashobora mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo, ariko nta muntu ukoresha litiro 2 za ogisijeni wapfa/yangirika vuba atabonye ogisijeni. Ugereranije, abarwayi bacu bo mu cyumba cyita ku barwayi barembye (ICU) bafite amazi menshi aturuka mu mazuru bitewe na COVID, babona litiro 45-55 mu gihe FIO2 ari 60-90%. Aba ni abarwayi bacu "badahindagurika". Niba nta mazi menshi aturuka mu mazuru, bazarushaho kwangirika vuba, ariko ntibazarwara cyane ku buryo tuzaba tuyishyuye. Uzabona umubare usa cyangwa mwinshi ku bandi barwayi ba ARDS cyangwa izindi ndwara nyinshi zisaba kanula nini y'izuru kurusha kanula isanzwe y'izuru.
Kuri njye, gukoresha ni ikintu cy'ingenzi. Ibi bishobora gutuma abarwayi 2 bagumana umuvuduko wa litiro 6-8, aho mu by'ukuri ari ahantu hanyura cyane hejuru y'umuyoboro usanzwe w'amazi mu mazuru cyangwa NIPPV. Ndagira ngo mvuge ko ibi bigira akamaro cyane ku bitaro bito bifite umwuka muke wa ogisijeni, kandi bishobora gutanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi ku barwayi bafite indwara zidakira mu bihe byihutirwa by'igihe gito.
Ese umurwayi anywa litiro 6 (cyangwa litiro 45-55) za ogisijeni ku munota, cyangwa igice cyayo cyatakaye, gisohoka mu kirere cyangwa ikindi kintu?
Ubunararibonye bwanjye ni uburyo buke bwo gufasha abantu bazima (harimo dioxyde de carbone ikurwaho kandi hakabaho litiro zigera kuri 2 za dioxyde de carbone kuri buri muntu ku munota), bityo kubera umubare w'abantu bakoresha mu buvuzi, ibi ni ibintu bishya!
Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko bafata ogisijeni, kuko ibihaha byabo biba bito cyane iyo bafata ogisijeni. Kubwibyo, ugereranije n'ibyo umubiri w'umuntu ukeneye mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, ikiguzi ni kinini cyane, kuko mu by'ukuri, abantu bake cyane binjira.
Sinzi niba uwavuze ari we wayihanze, ariko ibi ntibihuye n'uko yabisobanuye. Utuyunguruzo twa molekile na zeolite ntibifata N2, bishobora gufata O2. Kugira ngo ufate N2, ukeneye icyuma gifata azote, kikaba ari inyamaswa itandukanye rwose. Utuyunguruzo dufata O2 munsi y'umuvuduko mu gihe azote ikomeza kunyuramo. Ibi bigomba kuba ari byo, kuko iyo urekuye umuvuduko ukawukoresha mu kujugunya N2 mu yindi nkingi, ntabwo byumvikana kugerageza gukuraho N2 hamwe na N2. Izi ni units zo gushyiramo umuvuduko (PSA), zikora mu gufata O2. Umuvuduko mwinshi na silindiri nini bishobora kuzana umusaruro mwinshi (lisindiri 4 zifite ubushobozi bwo kugera kuri 85%). Ibi bigabanya O2, ariko ntibikora nk'uko abivuga (cyangwa ingingo ibivuga)
Ugomba gutanga amakuru wasabye, kuko ushobora kuyakuramo rwose kuri molekile za 13X na 5A zeolite. http://www.phys.ufl.edu/REU/2008/reports/magee.pdf
Ingingo ya Wikipedia PSA yemeza kandi ko zeolite yinjiza azote. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_swing_adsorption#Process
“Ariko, ihendutse cyane kurusha icyuma cy’ubucuruzi.” Kubera ko BOM irenga $1.000, birangora gushyigikira iyi nteruro. Fagitire y’ibikoresho byo mu rugo (bidatwarwa) by’ubucuruzi igura hafi 1/3, biroroshye kubibona, kandi nta bakozi bakeneye. Nzi ko 17LPM ari nziza, ariko nta muntu n'umwe wo hanze y’ibitaro uzasaba imodoka nk’izo. Umuntu wese ufite ubusabe nk’ubwo agiye kwisuzumisha cyangwa kwinjizwa mu cyuma gishyushya.
Yego, uyu mushinga ni mwiza, ariko yego, uburyo ukoresha mu kugabanya igiciro ni buke cyane ku rugero runaka. Muri Ositaraliya, ibikoresho bishya bya 10l/pm bigura hafi $1500AUD gusa. Dufashe ko $1000 ari amadolari y'Amerika, ibi bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kugura ibikoresho bishya.
Mbere y'icyorezo, naguze imwe kuri eBay ku giciro cya £160 ifite litiro 1.5 ku munota ku giciro cya 98%. Kandi iki kintu kiratuje cyane kurusha iki! Muri ubu buryo, ushobora gusinzira by'ukuri.
Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, iki ni igikorwa gikomeye cyane. Gishyire mu cyumba kiri iruhande rw'umuyoboro muremure kugira ngo wirinde urusaku n'ibyago byo guturika…
Ndashaka kumenya niba bishoboka ko wayikoresha nk'isoko y'azote isanzwe, mu birindiro cyangwa no mu gusudira?
Bite se ku mapine yuzuye azote? Ukurikije amafaranga bishyura kuri iyi serivisi, azote igomba kuba ihenze cyane…
Intambwe ikurikira ishobora kuba ishimishije - reba umusaruro w'iyi concentrator hanyuma utandukanye uruvange rwa 95% O2 + 5% Ar. Ibi bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutandukanya kinetic ukoresheje CMS molekile sieve muri sisitemu ya PSA. Hanyuma shyiraho pompe ya 150 bar kugira ngo wuzuze silinda ya argon.
Ubu, dukeneye gusa umuntu wo gukora igikorwa cya Linde mu rugo kugira ngo twishimire cyane.
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