Graphite ni uburyo bwa karubone.Sisitemu ya hexagonal sisitemu, muri wino yicyuma kugeza ibara ryijimye.Ubucucike 2.25 g / cm3, ubukana 1.5, gushonga 3652 ℃, ingingo itetse 4827 ℃.Yoroheje muburyo, hamwe no kumva neza.Imiti yimiti ntabwo ikora, irwanya ruswa, kandi ntishobora kworoha na acide, alkalis, nibindi. Gukomeza ubushyuhe mumyuka cyangwa ogisijeni birashobora gutwika no kubyara dioxyde de carbone.Okiside ikomeye izahindura okiside muri acide organic.Ikoreshwa nka anti anti friction hamwe nibikoresho byo gusiga, gukora umusaraba, electrode, bateri zumye, hamwe n'ikaramu.Grafite isuku cyane irashobora gukoreshwa nka moderi ya neutron mumashanyarazi.Bikunze kwitwa amakara cyangwa isukari yumukara kuko mbere yari yibeshye kurongora.

Imikoreshereze nyamukuru ya grafite:

1. Ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byangiritse: Graphite nibicuruzwa byayo bifite imiterere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru nububasha, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda za metallurgjiya mugukora ibishushanyo mbonera bya grafite.Mu gukora ibyuma, grafite ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gukingira ibyuma kandi nkumurongo witanura ryuma.

2. Nkibikoresho byayobora: bikoreshwa munganda zamashanyarazi mugukora electrode, guswera, inkoni ya karubone, umuyoboro wa karubone, electrode nziza ya mercure nziza ihindura ibintu, gasketi ya grafite, ibice bya terefone, ibifuniko bya tereviziyo, nibindi.

3. Nkibikoresho byo kwisiga bidashobora kwambara: Graphite ikoreshwa nkamavuta munganda.Amavuta yo gusiga akenshi ntashobora gukoreshwa mugihe cyihuta cyane, ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuvuduko mwinshi, mugihe ibikoresho birwanya kwambara bya grafite birashobora gukora nta gusiga amavuta kumuvuduko mwinshi ku bushyuhe bwa 200-2000 ℃.Ibikoresho byinshi bitwara itangazamakuru ryangirika bikozwe mubikoresho bya grafite kugirango bikore ibikombe bya piston, impeta zifunga, hamwe na podiyumu, bidasaba kongeramo amavuta yo gusiga mugihe cyo gukora.Graphite emulsion nayo ni amavuta meza yo gutunganya ibyuma byinshi (gushushanya insinga, gushushanya tube).

4. Graphite ifite imiti ihamye.Grafite yatunganijwe byumwihariko ifite ibiranga kurwanya ruswa, itwara neza yumuriro, hamwe nubushyuhe buke, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibicuruzwa bihinduranya ubushyuhe, ibigega byitwara, kondenseri, iminara yaka, iminara yinjira, ibicurane, ubushyuhe, ibishungura, nibikoresho bya pompe.Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nka peteroli, hydrometallurgie, umusaruro-fatizo wa aside, fibre synthique, gukora impapuro, nibindi, irashobora kuzigama ibikoresho byinshi byibyuma.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwa grafite butandukana muburyo bwo kurwanya ruswa bitewe nubutaka butandukanye burimo.Imisemburo ya fenolike irwanya aside ariko ntabwo irwanya alkali;Inzoga ya Furfuryl resin yinjiza ni aside na alkali irwanya.Ubushyuhe bwubwoko butandukanye nabwo buratandukanye: karubone na grafite birashobora kwihanganira 2000-3000 ℃ mukirere kigabanuka, hanyuma bigatangira okiside kuri 350 ℃ na 400 ℃ muburyo bwa okiside;Ubwoko bwa grafite butemewe butandukana nibintu byinjira, kandi muri rusange birinda ubushyuhe munsi ya 180 ℃ byatewe ninzoga ya fenolike cyangwa furfuryl.

5. Yifashishwa mu guta, kumusenyi, kubumba, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bwa metallurgiki: Bitewe na coefficient ntoya yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa grafite hamwe nubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana nimpinduka mugukonjesha byihuse no gushyushya, birashobora gukoreshwa nkibumba ryibikoresho byibirahure.Nyuma yo gukoresha grafite, icyuma cyumukara kirashobora kubona ibipimo byuzuye byo gutara, hejuru yubuso bwimbitse no gutanga umusaruro, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa bitatunganijwe cyangwa bitunganijwe gato, bityo bikabika ibyuma byinshi.Umusemburo wa alloys hamwe nubundi buryo bwa powder metallurgie mubisanzwe bikubiyemo gukoresha ibikoresho bya grafite kugirango ukore ubwato bwubutaka bwo gukanda no gucumura.Gukura kwa kristu gukomeye, gutunganyiriza uturere, gushyigikira ibikoresho, gushyushya induction, nibindi bya silicon ya monocrystalline byose bitunganyirizwa muri grafite yuzuye.Byongeye kandi, grafite irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkikibaho cyo gushushanya cya grafite na base yo gushonga vacuum, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

6. Ikoreshwa mu nganda zingufu za atome ninganda zokwirwanaho zigihugu: Graphite ifite moderi nziza ya neutron yo gukoresha mumashanyarazi ya atome, kandi reaction ya uranium-grafite nubwoko bukoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi.Ibikoresho byihuta bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya atome kububasha bigomba kugira aho bishonga cyane, bihamye, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa, kandi grafite irashobora kuzuza byuzuye ibisabwa haruguru.Ibisabwa byera kuri grafite ikoreshwa nka reaction ya atome ni ndende cyane, kandi ibirimo umwanda ntibigomba kurenga PPM nyinshi.Cyane cyane, ibirimo boron bigomba kuba munsi ya 0.5PPM.Mu nganda z’ingabo z’igihugu, grafite nayo ikoreshwa mu gukora urusaku rwa roketi zikomeye za lisansi, imiyoboro yizuru ya misile, ibice by’ibikoresho bigendagenda mu kirere, ibikoresho byo kubika, hamwe n’ibikoresho birinda imirasire.

7. Graphite irashobora kandi gukumira igipimo cyo guteka.Ibizamini bifatika byerekanye ko kongeramo ingano ya poro ya grafite (hafi garama 4-5 kuri toni yamazi) mumazi bishobora gukumira hejuru yubushyuhe.Byongeye kandi, igicapo cya grafite kuri chimney yicyuma, ibisenge, ibiraro, hamwe nimiyoboro irashobora gukumira ruswa.

8. Graphite irashobora gukoreshwa nk'ikaramu ikaramu, pigment, hamwe na polishinge.Nyuma yo gutunganywa bidasanzwe, grafite irashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bitandukanye byo gukoresha mumashami yinganda.

9. Electrode: Graphite ifite imiyoboro myiza kandi irwanya imbaraga nke.Graphite electrode irashobora kubyazwa umusaruro wo gutanura itanura nitanura ryamashanyarazi arc muruganda rwibyuma na silicon.