Ibikomoka kuri peteroli ni umukara cyangwa umukara wijimye cyane ibikomoka kuri peteroli hamwe nicyuma cyoroshye kandi ni cyiza.

Ibikomoka kuri kokiya ya peteroli ni hydrocarbone, irimo karubone 90-97%, hydrogène 1.5-8%, azote, chlorine, sulfure hamwe n’ibyuma biremereye.Ibikomoka kuri peteroli nibikomoka kuri pyrolysis yamavuta yibitungwa mubice bitinze bya kokiya mubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango bitange amavuta yoroheje.Umusaruro wa kokiya ya peteroli ni 25-30% byamavuta mbisi.Agaciro kayo karori karikubye inshuro 1.5-2 iy'amakara, ibivu bitarenze 0.5%, ibintu bihindagurika bigera kuri 11%, kandi ubuziranenge buri hafi ya anthracite.Ukurikije imiterere nigaragara rya kokiya ya peteroli, ibikomoka kuri peteroli ya peteroli birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko 4: kokiya y'urushinge, kokonge ya sponge, kokiya yumushinga hamwe na kokiya yifu:

.Kubera ko kokiya y'urushinge ifite ibipimo ngenderwaho byujuje ubuziranenge mu bijyanye na sulfure, ibirimo ivu, ibintu bihindagurika ndetse n'ubucucike nyabwo, hari ibisabwa byihariye ku ikoranabuhanga rya kokiya ikora urushinge n'ibikoresho fatizo.

.

.Ubusanzwe ikorwa mu mavuta asigaye ya sulfure menshi na asfaltene menshi kandi irashobora gukoreshwa gusa nk'ibicanwa biva mu nganda nko kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi na sima.

.

Ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye bya sulferi, birashobora kugabanywamo kokiya-sulfure nyinshi (sulfure iri hejuru ya 3%) hamwe na kokiya ya sulfure nkeya (sulferi iri munsi ya 3%).Kokiya nkeya ya sulfure irashobora gukoreshwa nka paste ya anode hamwe na anode yabanjirije ibihingwa bya aluminiyumu ndetse na electrode ya grafite ku bimera.Muri byo, kokiya nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ya kokoro (ibirimo sulferi iri munsi ya 0.5%) irashobora gukoreshwa mu gukora electrode ya grafite na moteri ya karubone.Kokoro-sulferi nkeya yubuziranenge rusange (munsi ya 1.5% sulfure) ikoreshwa mugukora anode zabanje.Kokiya ya peteroli yujuje ubuziranenge ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushonga silikoni yinganda no gukora anode paste.Kokiya-sulfure nyinshi ikoreshwa muri lisansi munganda za sima no mumashanyarazi.

Kubara peteroli ya kokiya:

Kubijyanye na electrode ya grafite yo gukora ibyuma cyangwa paste ya anode (gushonga electrode) kugirango ikore aluminium na magnesium, kugirango uhuze kokiya ya peteroli (kokiya icyatsi) nibisabwa, kokiya yicyatsi igomba kubarwa.Ubushyuhe bwo kubara muri rusange ni 1300 ° C, ikigamijwe ni ugukuraho ibice bihindagurika bya peteroli ya peteroli bishoboka.Muri ubu buryo, hydrogène iri muri kokiya ya peteroli yongeye gukoreshwa irashobora kugabanuka, kandi igipimo cyo gushushanya kokiya peteroli gishobora kunozwa, bityo bikazamura imbaraga z’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’ubushyuhe bukabije bwa electrode ya grafite, kandi bikazamura amashanyarazi ya grafite. electrode.Kokiya ibarwa ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora electrode ya grafite, ibicuruzwa bya paste ya karubone, umucanga wa diyama, inganda zo mu rwego rwa fosifore, inganda za metallurgie na calcium karbide, muri zo zikaba zikoreshwa cyane na electrode ya grafite.Coke yicyatsi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwa karisiyumu ya calcium nkibikoresho byingenzi bya kariside ya calcium itabaze, no kubyara karubide ya silicon na karbone nkibikoresho byangiza.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye nka kokiya yo gutanura itanura mu nganda zikora metallurgjiya cyangwa amatafari ya karubone kugirango itanwe n’itanura, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa nka kokiya yuzuye mugikorwa cyo guta.